Publications

Search or filter publications

Search publications Search

Filter by type:

Filter by publication type

• Book
• Book chapter
• Conference paper
• Journal article
• Patent
• Report
• Software

Filter by year:

Filter from 2024202320222021202020192018 to Filter to 2024202320222021202020192018

---

Search results

• Journal article
  Hadjipanayi C, Yin M, Bannon A, Rapeaux A, Banger M, Haar S, Lande TS, McGregor A, Constandinou Tet al., 2024,

  Remote gait analysis using ultra-wideband radar technology based on joint range-Doppler-time representation

  , IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol: 71, Pages: 2854-2865, ISSN: 0018-9294

  Objective: In recent years, radar technology has been extensively utilized in contactless human behavior monitoring systems. The unique capabilities of ultra-wideband (UWB) radars compared to conventional radar technologies, due to time-of-flight measurements, present new untapped opportunities for in-depth monitoring of human movement during overground locomotion. This study aims to investigate the deployability of UWB radars in accurately capturing the gait patterns of healthy individuals with no known walking impairments.Methods: A novel algorithm was developed that can extract ten clinical spatiotemporal gait features using the Doppler information captured from three monostatic UWB radar sensors during a 6-meter walking task. Key gait events are detected from lower-extremity movements based on the joint range-Doppler-time representation of recorded radar data. The estimated gait parameters were validated against a gold-standard optical motion tracking system using 12 healthy volunteers.Results: On average, nine gait parameters can be consistently estimated with 90-98% accuracy, while capturing 94.5% of participants' gait variability and 90.8% of inter-limb symmetry. Correlation and Bland-Altman analysis revealed a strong correlation between radar-based parameters and the ground-truth values, with average discrepancies consistently close to 0.Conclusion: Results prove that radar sensing can provide accurate biomarkers to supplement clinical human gait assessment, with quality similar to gold standard assessment.Significance: Radars can potentially allow a transition from expensive and cumbersome lab-based gait analysis tools toward a completely unobtrusive and affordable solution for in-home deployment, enabling continuous long-term monitoring of individuals for research and healthcare applications.

  • Abstract
  • Open Access Link
  • Cite
• Journal article
  Miao A, Luo T, Hsieh B, Edge CJ, Gridley M, Wong R, Constandinou T, Wisden W, Franks Net al., 2024,

  Brain clearance is reduced during sleep and anesthesia

  , Nature Neuroscience, Vol: 27, Pages: 1046-1050, ISSN: 1097-6256

  It has been suggested that the function of sleep is to actively clear metabolites and toxins from the brain. Enhanced clearance is also said to occur during anesthesia. Here, we measure clearance and movement of fluorescent molecules in the brains of male mice and show that movement is, in fact, independent of sleep and wake or anesthesia. Moreover, we show that brain clearance is markedly reduced, not increased, during sleep and anesthesia.

  • Abstract
  • Publisher Web Link
  • Open Access Link
  • Cite
• Journal article
  Graham N, Zimmerman K, Heslegrave A, Keshavan A, Moro F, Abed-Maillard S, Bernini A, Dunet V, Garbero E, Nattino G, Chieregato A, Fainardi E, Baciu C, Gradisek P, Magnoni S, Oddo M, Bertolini G, Schott JM, Zetterberg H, Sharp Det al., 2024,

  Alzheimer’s disease marker phospho-tau181 is not elevated in the first year after moderate-severe TBI

  , Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Vol: 95, Pages: 356-359, ISSN: 0022-3050

  Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with the tauopathies Alzheimer’s disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Advanced immunoassays show significant elevations in plasma total tau (t-tau) early post-TBI, but concentrations subsequently normalise rapidly. Tau phosphorylated at serine-181 (p-tau181) is a well-validated Alzheimer’s disease marker that could potentially seed progressive neurodegeneration. We tested whether post-traumatic p-tau181 concentrations are elevated and relate to progressive brain atrophy.Methods: Plasma p-tau181 and other post-traumatic biomarkers, including total-tau (t-tau), neurofilament light (NfL), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), were assessed after moderate-to-severe TBI in the BIO-AX-TBI cohort (first sample mean 2.7 days, second sample within 10 days, then 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months, n=42). Brain atrophy rates were assessed in aligned serial MRI (n=40). Concentrations were compared patients with and without Alzheimer’s disease, with healthy controls.Results: Plasma p-tau181 concentrations were significantly raised in patients with Alzheimer’s disease but not after TBI, where concentrations were non-elevated, and remained stable over one year. P-tau181 after TBI was not predictive of brain atrophy rates in either grey or white matter. In contrast, substantial trauma-associated elevations in t-tau, NfL, GFAP and UCH-L1 were seen, with concentrations of NfL and t-tau predictive of brain atrophy rates.Conclusions: Plasma p-tau181 is not significantly elevated during the first year after moderate-to-severe TBI and levels do not relate to neuroimaging measures of neurodegeneration.

  • Abstract
  • Publisher Web Link
  • Open Access Link
  • Cite
• Journal article
  David MCB, Del Giovane M, Wilson D, Truman T, Huntley JD, Suleman M, Ruck Keene A, Parker M, Sharp DJ, Malhotra PAet al., 2024,

  Considerations for legal, ethical, and effective practice in dementia research.

  , Brain Commun, Vol: 6

  Dementia represents a potentially overwhelming health burden, both for the UK and worldwide. Addressing this fast-growing issue is a key priority for the government, health service and the public. Advances in care including the development of efficacious disease-modifying, and eventually curative, treatments can only be achieved through effective dementia research. Specifically, research directly involving participants with dementia is essential to further understanding. However, working with cognitively impaired participants with and without capacity to consent to research presents unique ethical and legal challenges. For clinicians and scientists on the frontline of dementia research, scenarios frequently arise that pose such challenges. A lack of guidance for a consistent approach in navigating these scenarios limits researchers' ability to proceed with confidence. This represents a threat to the rights and wishes of research participants as well as the field at large, as it may lead to studies being unnecessarily terminated or, worse, poor practice. In this article, we take a multiprofessional approach, informed by carer input, to these issues. We review the relevant ethical and legal literature relating to the conduct of non-interventional research studies in patients with dementia. This includes a thorough recap of the Mental Capacity Act (2005), which provides a legal framework in England and Wales for conducting research with participants who lack capacity to consent. We also discuss the important, but sometimes incomplete, role of research ethics committees in guiding researchers. We then present and discuss a series of case vignettes designed to highlight areas of incomplete coverage by existing governance. These vignettes describe theoretical scenarios informed by our own real-word experiences of encountering ethical issues when conducting dementia research. They include scenarios in which participants demonstrate varying degrees of understanding of the r

  • Abstract
  • Author Web Link
  • Cite
• Conference paper
  Raposo de Lima M, Horrocks S, Daniels S, Lamptey M, Harrison M, Vaidyanathan Ret al., 2023,

  The role of conversational AI in ageing and dementia care at home: a participatory study

  , 2023 32nd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), Publisher: IEEE, ISSN: 1944-9437

  Conversational artificial intelligence (AI) technologies hold significant promise to support the independence,well-being and safety of older adults living with frailty ordementia at home. However, further studies are needed toidentify: 1) valuable scenarios of support, 2) desired interactivefeatures, and 3) key challenges preventing long-term adoptionand utility in dementia care. In this paper, we explore therole of conversational technology in ageing and dementia careat home. Using a community-based participatory approach, weengaged 20 stakeholders, including people with lived experienceof dementia and frailty, to understand preferences, perceivedbenefits and concerns about integrating conversational AIinto daily routines at home. We uncovered key roles of thetechnology, including support of daily functions, health monitoring, risk mitigation, and cognitive stimulation. We emphasizethe need for adapting interactions to different levels of userfamiliarity and progression of cognitive decline. We addressthe importance of the communication style and suggest carefuluse of open-ended questions with target populations. We furtherdiscuss feasibility considerations to overcome current barriersto adoption. Overall, this work proposes design guidelines toshape the future conceptualization and development of naturallanguage interactions to support dementia care at home.

  • Abstract
  • Publisher Web Link
  • Open Access Link
  • Cite

This data is extracted from the Web of Science and reproduced under a licence from Thomson Reuters. You may not copy or re-distribute this data in whole or in part without the written consent of the Science business of Thomson Reuters.