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Search results

• Journal article
  Coburn JT, Forman MA, Smith CW, Vasquez BJ, Stawarz JEet al., 2015,

  Third-moment descriptions of the interplanetary turbulent cascade, intermittency and back transfer

  , PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES, Vol: 373, ISSN: 1364-503X
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  • Citations: 52
• Journal article
  Franci L, Verdini A, Matteini L, Landi S, Hellinger Pet al., 2015,

  SOLAR WIND TURBULENCE FROM MHD TO SUB-ION SCALES: HIGH-RESOLUTION HYBRID SIMULATIONS

  , Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol: 804, ISSN: 2041-8213

  We present results from a high-resolution and large-scale hybrid (fluid electrons and particle-in-cell protons) twodimensionalnumerical simulation of decaying turbulence. Two distinct spectral regions (separated by a smoothbreak at proton scales) develop with clear power-law scaling, each one occupying about a decade in wavenumbers.The simulation results simultaneously exhibit several properties of the observed solar wind fluctuations: spectralindices of the magnetic, kinetic, and residual energy spectra in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) inertial rangealong with a flattening of the electric field spectrum, an increase in magnetic compressibility, and a strong couplingof the cascade with the density and the parallel component of the magnetic fluctuations at sub-proton scales. Ourfindings support the interpretation that in the solar wind, large-scale MHD fluctuations naturally evolve beyondproton scales into a turbulent regime that is governed by the generalized Ohm’s law

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• Journal article
  Tong Y, Bale SD, Chen CHK, Salem CS, Verscharen Det al., 2015,

  EFFECTS OF ELECTRON DRIFTS ON THE COLLISIONLESS DAMPING OF KINETIC ALFVEN WAVES IN THE SOLAR WIND

  , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, Vol: 804, ISSN: 2041-8205
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  • Citations: 11
• Journal article
  Fletcher L, Cargill PJ, Antiochos SK, Gudiksen BVet al., 2015,

  Structures in the Outer Solar Atmosphere

  , SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 188, Pages: 211-249, ISSN: 0038-6308
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  • Citations: 15
• Journal article
  Heiter U, Lind K, Asplund M, Barklem PS, Bergemann M, Magrini L, Masseron T, Mikolaitis S, Pickering JC, Ruffoni MPet al., 2015,

  Atomic and molecular data for optical stellar spectroscopy

  , PHYSICA SCRIPTA, Vol: 90, ISSN: 0031-8949
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  • Citations: 118
• Journal article
  Eastwood JP, Hietala H, Toth G, Phan TD, Fujimoto Met al., 2015,

  What Controls the Structure and Dynamics of Earth's Magnetosphere?

  , SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 188, Pages: 251-286, ISSN: 0038-6308
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  • Citations: 36
• Journal article
  Hu F, Sun J, Brindley HE, Liang X, Lucyszyn Set al., 2015,

  Systems Analysis for Thermal Infrared '<i>THz Torch</i>' Applications

  , JOURNAL OF INFRARED MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, Vol: 36, Pages: 474-495, ISSN: 1866-6892
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  • Citations: 10
• Journal article
  Balogh A, Bykov A, Eastwood J, Kaastra Jet al., 2015,

  Multi-scale Structure Formation and Dynamics in Cosmic Plasmas

  , SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 188, Pages: 1-2, ISSN: 0038-6308
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• Journal article
  Czaja A, Marshall J, 2015,

  Why is there net surface heating over the Antarctic Circumpolar Current?

  , OCEAN DYNAMICS, Vol: 65, Pages: 751-760, ISSN: 1616-7341
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  • Citations: 5
• Journal article
  Hartinger MD, Plaschke F, Archer MO, Welling DT, Moldwin MB, Ridley Aet al., 2015,

  The global structure and time evolution of dayside magnetopause surface eigenmodes

  , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 42, Pages: 2594-2602, ISSN: 0094-8276
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  • Citations: 28
• Journal article
  Masters A, 2015,

  The dayside reconnection voltage applied to Saturn's magnetosphere

  , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 42, Pages: 2577-2585, ISSN: 0094-8276
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  • Citations: 18
• Journal article
  Wang L, Yang L, He J, Tu C, Pei Z, Wimmer-Schweingruber RF, Bale SDet al., 2015,

  SOLAR WIND ∼20-200 keV SUPERHALO ELECTRONS AT QUIET TIMES

  , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, Vol: 803, ISSN: 2041-8205
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  • Citations: 32
• Journal article
  Jackman CM, Thomsen MF, Mitchell DG, Sergis N, Arridge CS, Felici M, Badman SV, Paranicas C, Jia X, Hospodarksy GB, Andriopoulou M, Khurana KK, Smith AW, Dougherty MKet al., 2015,

  Field dipolarization in Saturn's magnetotail with planetward ion flows and energetic particle flow bursts: Evidence of quasi-steady reconnection

  , Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol: 120, Pages: 3603-3617, ISSN: 2169-9402

  We present a case study of an event from 20 August (day 232) of 2006, when the Cassini spacecraft was sampling the region near 32 RS and 22 h LT in Saturn's magnetotail. Cassini observed a strong northward-to-southward turning of the magnetic field, which is interpreted as the signature of dipolarization of the field as seen by the spacecraft planetward of the reconnection X line. This event was accompanied by very rapid (up to ~1500 km s−1) thermal plasma flow toward the planet. At energies above 28 keV, energetic hydrogen and oxygen ion flow bursts were observed to stream planetward from a reconnection site downtail of the spacecraft. Meanwhile, a strong field-aligned beam of energetic hydrogen was also observed to stream tailward, likely from an ionospheric source. Saturn kilometric radiation emissions were stimulated shortly after the observation of the dipolarization. We discuss the field, plasma, energetic particle, and radio observations in the context of the impact this reconnection event had on global magnetospheric dynamics.

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• Journal article
  Chadney, Galand M, Unruh YC, Koskinen TT, Sanz-Forcada Jet al., 2015,

  XUV-driven mass loss from extrasolar giant planets orbiting active stars

  , Icarus, Vol: 250, Pages: 357-367, ISSN: 1090-2643

  Upper atmospheres of Hot Jupiters are subject to extreme radiation conditions that can result in rapid atmospheric escape. The composition and structure of the upper atmospheres of these planets are affected by the high-energy spectrum of the host star. This emission depends on stellar type and age, which are thus important factors in understanding the behaviour of exoplanetary atmospheres. In this study, we focus on Extrasolar Giant Planets (EPGs) orbiting K and M dwarf stars. XUV spectra for three different stars – ∊ Eridani, AD Leonis and AU Microscopii – are constructed using a coronal model. Neutral density and temperature profiles in the upper atmosphere of hypothetical EGPs orbiting these stars are then obtained from a fluid model, incorporating atmospheric chemistry and taking atmospheric escape into account. We find that a simple scaling based solely on the host star’s X-ray emission gives large errors in mass loss rates from planetary atmospheres and so we have derived a new method to scale the EUV regions of the solar spectrum based upon stellar X-ray emission. This new method produces an outcome in terms of the planet’s neutral upper atmosphere very similar to that obtained using a detailed coronal model of the host star. Our results indicate that in planets subjected to radiation from active stars, the transition from Jeans escape to a regime of hydrodynamic escape at the top of the atmosphere occurs at larger orbital distances than for planets around low activity stars (such as the Sun).

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• Journal article
  Riley P, Lionello R, Linker JA, Cliver E, Balogh A, Beer J, Charbonneau P, Crooker N, DeRosa M, Lockwood M, Owens M, McCracken K, Usoskin I, Koutchmy Set al., 2015,

  INFERRING THE STRUCTURE OF THE SOLAR CORONA AND INNER HELIOSPHERE DURING THE MAUNDER MINIMUM USING GLOBAL THERMODYNAMIC MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS

  , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 802, ISSN: 0004-637X
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  • Citations: 51
• Journal article
  Pisa D, Hospodarsky GB, Kurth WS, Santolik O, Soucek J, Gurnett DA, Masters A, Hill MEet al., 2015,

  Statistics of Langmuir wave amplitudes observed inside Saturn's foreshock by the Cassini spacecraft

  , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 120, Pages: 2531-2542, ISSN: 2169-9380
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  • Citations: 8
• Journal article
  Delamere PA, Bagenal F, Paranicas C, Masters A, Radioti A, Bonfond B, Ray L, Jia X, Nichols J, Arridge Cet al., 2015,

  Solar Wind and Internally Driven Dynamics: Influences on Magnetodiscs and Auroral Responses

  , SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 187, Pages: 51-97, ISSN: 0038-6308
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  • Citations: 40
• Journal article
  Yates JN, Southwood DJ, Dougherty MK, 2015,

  Magnetic phase structure of Saturn's 10.7h oscillations

  , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 120, Pages: 2631-2648, ISSN: 2169-9380
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  • Citations: 6
• Journal article
  Fox C, Green PD, Pickering JC, Humpage Net al., 2015,

  Analysis of far-infrared spectral radiance observations of the water vapor continuum in the Arctic

  , JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER, Vol: 155, Pages: 57-65, ISSN: 0022-4073
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  • Citations: 9
• Journal article
  Cui J, Galand M, Yelle RV, Wei Y, Zhang S-Jet al., 2015,

  Day-to-night transport in the Martian ionosphere: Implications from total electron content measurements

  , Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol: 120, Pages: 2333-2346, ISSN: 2169-9402

  The nightside Martian ionosphere is thought to be contributed by day-to-night transport and electron precipitation, of which the former has not been well studied. In this work, we evaluate the role of day-to-night transport based on the total electron content (TEC) measurements made by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding on board Mars Express. This is accomplished by an examination of the variation of nightside TEC in the time domain rather than the traditional solar zenith angle domain. Our analyses here, being constrained to the Northern Hemisphere where the effects of crustal magnetic fields can be neglected, reveal that day-to-night transport serves as the dominant source for the nightside Martian ionosphere from terminator crossing up to time in darkness of ≈5.3 × 103 s, beyond which it is surpassed by electron precipitation. The observations are compared with predictions from a simplified time-dependent ionosphere model. We conclude that the solid body rotation of Mars is insufficient to account for the observed depletion of nightside TEC but the data could be reasonably reproduced by a zonal electron flow velocity of ≈1.9 km s−1.

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• Journal article
  Kimura T, Badman SV, Tao C, Yoshioka K, Murakami G, Yamazaki A, Tsuchiya F, Bonfond B, Steffl AJ, Masters A, Kasahara S, Hasegawa H, Yoshikawa I, Fujimoto M, Clarke JTet al., 2015,

  Transient internally driven aurora at Jupiter discovered by Hisaki and the Hubble Space Telescope

  , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 42, Pages: 1662-1668, ISSN: 0094-8276
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  • Citations: 50
• Journal article
  Loeffler F, De Pietri R, Feo A, Maione F, Franci Let al., 2015,

  Stiffness effects on the dynamics of the bar-mode instability of neutron stars in full general relativity

  , PHYSICAL REVIEW D, Vol: 91, ISSN: 1550-7998
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• Journal article
  Matteini L, Horbury TS, Pantellini F, Velli M, Schwartz SJet al., 2015,

  Ion kinetic energy conservation and magnetic field strength constancy in multi-fluid solar wind alfvénic turbulence

  , Astrophysical Journal, Vol: 802, ISSN: 1538-4357

  We investigate the properties of plasma fluid motion in the large-amplitude, low-frequency fluctuations of highlyAlfvénic fast solar wind. We show that protons locally conserve total kinetic energy when observed from aneffective frame of reference comoving with the fluctuations. For typical properties of the fast wind, this frame canbe reasonably identified by alpha particles which, due to their drift with respect to protons at about the Alfvénspeed along the magnetic field, do not partake in the fluid low-frequency fluctuations. Using their velocity totransform the proton velocity into the frame of Alfvénic turbulence, we demonstrate that the resulting plasmamotion is characterized by a constant absolute value of the velocity, zero electric fields, and aligned velocity andmagnetic field vectors as expected for unidirectional Alfvénic fluctuations in equilibrium. We propose that thisconstraint, via the correlation between velocity and magnetic field in Alfvénic turbulence, is the origin of theobserved constancy of the magnetic field; while the constant velocity corresponding to constant energy can only beobserved in the frame of the fluctuations, the corresponding constant total magnetic field, invariant for Galileantransformations, remains the observational signature in the spacecraft frame of the constant total energy in theAlfvén turbulence frame

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• Journal article
  Gingell PW, Burgess D, Matteini L, 2015,

  THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL EVOLUTION OF ION-SCALE CURRENT SHEETS: TEARING AND DRIFT-KINK INSTABILITIES IN THE PRESENCE OF PROTON TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY

  , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 802, ISSN: 0004-637X
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  • Citations: 17
• Journal article
  Martinez-Oliveros JC, Raftery C, Bain H, Liu Y, Pulupa M, Saint-Hilaire P, Higgins P, Krupar V, Krucker S, Bale SDet al., 2015,

  STEREO-<i>Wind</i> Radio Positioning of an Unusually Slow Drifting Event

  , SOLAR PHYSICS, Vol: 290, Pages: 891-901, ISSN: 0038-0938
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  • Citations: 5
• Journal article
  Stawarz JE, Ergun RE, Goodrich KA, 2015,

  Generation of high-frequency electric field activity by turbulence in the Earth's magnetotail

  , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 120, Pages: 1845-1866, ISSN: 2169-9380
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  • Citations: 46
• Journal article
  Ergun RE, Goodrich KA, Stawarz JE, Andersson L, Angelopoulos Vet al., 2015,

  Large-amplitude electric fields associated with bursty bulk flow braking in the Earth's plasma sheet

  , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 120, Pages: 1832-1844, ISSN: 2169-9380
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  • Citations: 86
• Journal article
  Nazarenko L, Schmidt GA, Miller RL, Tausnev N, Kelley M, Ruedy R, Russell GL, Aleinov I, Bauer M, Bauer S, Bleck R, Canuto V, Cheng Y, Clune TL, Del Genio AD, Faluvegi G, Hansen JE, Healy RJ, Kiang NY, Koch D, Lacis AA, LeGrande AN, Lerner J, Lo KK, Menon S, Oinas V, Perlwitz J, Puma MJ, Rind D, Romanou A, Sato M, Shindell DT, Sun S, Tsigaridis K, Unger N, Voulgarakis A, Yao M-S, Zhang Jet al., 2015,

  Future climate change under RCP emission scenarios with GISS ModelE2

  , JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS, Vol: 7, Pages: 244-267
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  • Citations: 96
• Journal article
  Cui J, Galand M, Zhang SJ, Vigren E, Zou Het al., 2015,

  The electron thermal structure in the dayside Martian ionosphere implied by the MGS radio occultation data

  , Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol: 120, Pages: 278-286, ISSN: 2169-9100

  We propose a revised Chapman model for the ionosphere of Mars by allowing for vertical variation of electron temperature. An approximate energy balance between solar EUV heating and CO2 collisional cooling is applied in the dayside Martian ionosphere, analogous to the method recently proposed by Withers et al. (2014). The essence of the model is to separate the contributions of the neutral and electron thermal structures to the apparent width of the main ionospheric layer. Application of the model to the electron density profiles from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) radio occultation measurements reveals a clear trend of elevated electron temperature with increasing solar zenith angle (SZA). It also reveals that the characteristic length scale for the change of electron temperature with altitude decreases with increasing SZA. These observations may imply enhanced topside heat influx near the terminator, presumably an outcome of the solar wind interactions with the Martian upper atmosphere. Our analysis also reveals a tentative asymmetry in electron temperature between the northern and southern hemispheres, consistent with the scenario of elevated electron temperature within minimagnetospheres.

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• Conference paper
  Pickering JC, Mushtaq S, Steers EBM, Weiss Zet al., 2015,

  High resolution FTS studies of the effects of trace molecular gases on Glow Discharge spectra and industrial applications

  Analytical Glow Discharge (GD) Optical Emission Spectroscopy and GD Mass Spectrometry have important industrial applications. The analytical accuracy may be affected by trace molecular gases. High resolution FTS is used to investigate fundamental discharge processes.

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