In this section
@article{Schillings:2018:10.1029/2018SW001881,
author = {Schillings, A and Nilsson, H and Slapak, R and Wintoft, P and Yamauchi, M and Wik, M and Dandouras, I and Carr, CM},
doi = {10.1029/2018SW001881},
journal = {Space Weather-the International Journal of Research and Applications},
pages = {1363--1376},
title = {O+ Escape During the Extreme Space Weather Event of 4-10 September 2017},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018SW001881},
volume = {16},
year = {2018}
}
TY - JOUR
AB - We have investigated the consequences of extreme space weather on ion outflow from the polar ionosphere by analyzing the solar storm that occurred early September 2017, causing a severe geomagnetic storm. Several Xflares and coronal mass ejections were observed between 4 and 10 September. The first shock—likely associated with a coronal mass ejection—hit the Earth late on 6 September, produced a storm sudden commencement, and began the initial phase of the storm. It was followed by a second shock, approximately 24 hr later, that initiated the main phase and simultaneously the Dst index dropped to Dst = −142 nT and Kp index reached Kp = 8. Using COmposition DIstribution Function data on board Cluster satellite 4, we estimated the ionospheric O+ outflow before and after the second shock. We found an enhancement in the polar cap by a factor of 3 for an unusually high ionospheric O+ outflow (mapped to an ionospheric reference altitude) of 1013 m−2 s−1. We suggest that this high ionospheric O+ outflow is due to a preheating of the ionosphere by the multiple Xflares. Finally, we briefly discuss the space weather consequences on the magnetosphere as a whole and the enhanced O+ outflow in connection with enhanced satellite drag.
AU - Schillings,A
AU - Nilsson,H
AU - Slapak,R
AU - Wintoft,P
AU - Yamauchi,M
AU - Wik,M
AU - Dandouras,I
AU - Carr,CM
DO - 10.1029/2018SW001881
EP - 1376
PY - 2018///
SN - 1539-4956
SP - 1363
TI - O+ Escape During the Extreme Space Weather Event of 4-10 September 2017
T2 - Space Weather-the International Journal of Research and Applications
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018SW001881
UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000448291400014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/64932
VL - 16
ER -