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Journal articleMullish BH, Marchesi JR, McDonald JAK, et al., 2021,
Probiotics reduce self-reported symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection in overweight and obese adults: should we be considering probiotics during viral pandemics?
, Gut Microbes, Vol: 13, Pages: 1-9, ISSN: 1949-0976Gut microbiome manipulation to alter the gut-lung axis may potentially protect humans against respiratory infections, and clinical trials of probiotics show promise in this regard in healthy adults and children. However, comparable studies are lacking in overweight/obese people, who have increased risks in particular of viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). This Addendum further analyses our recent placebo-controlled trial of probiotics in overweight/obese people (focused initially on weight loss) to investigate the impact of probiotics upon the occurrence of URTI symptoms. As well as undergoing loss of weight and improvement in certain metabolic parameters, study participants taking probiotics experienced a 27% reduction in URTI symptoms versus control, with those ≥45 years or BMI ≥30 kg/m2 experiencing greater reductions. This symptom reduction is apparent within 2 weeks of probiotic use. Gut microbiome diversity remained stable throughout the study in probiotic-treated participants. Our data provide support for further trials to assess the potential role of probiotics in preventing viral URTI (and possibly also COVID-19), particularly in overweight/obese people.
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Journal articleGilca-Blanariu GE, Stefanescu G, Girleanu I, et al., 2021,
Romanian National Guideline on Translating Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Applications related to Clostridioides difficile Infections into the Local Clinical Practice
, Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Vol: 30, Pages: 147-163, ISSN: 1841-8724<jats:p>Fecal microbiota transplantation involves the infusion of intestinal microorganisms via the transfer of a stool from a healthy individual into a diseased individual, with the intent of restoring normal intestinal flora. Fecal transplant is proposed for the treatment of refractory Clostridioides difficile infection. At present, recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection is the only indication supported by solid scientific evidence. Regulations by healthcare authorities vary among different countries. Considering that Romania does not have an available national guideline to offer standardization, this paper aimed to create a national fecal microbiota transplantation guideline concerning indications, techniques and donor screening, developed by international and local scientific working groups.</jats:p>
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Journal articleJervis P, Pintanel P, Hopkins K, et al., 2021,
Post‐epizootic microbiome associations across communities of neotropical amphibians
, Molecular Ecology, Vol: 30, Pages: 1322-1335, ISSN: 0962-1083Microbiome–pathogen interactions are increasingly recognized as an important element of host immunity. While these host‐level interactions will have consequences for community disease dynamics, the factors which influence host microbiomes at larger scales are poorly understood. We here describe landscape‐scale pathogen–microbiome associations within the context of post‐epizootic amphibian chytridiomycosis, a disease caused by the panzootic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. We undertook a survey of Neotropical amphibians across altitudinal gradients in Ecuador ~30 years following the observed amphibian declines and collected skin swab‐samples which were metabarcoded using both fungal (ITS‐2) and bacterial (r16S) amplicons. The data revealed marked variation in patterns of both B. dendrobatidis infection and microbiome structure that are associated with host life history. Stream breeding amphibians were most likely to be infected with B. dendrobatidis. This increased probability of infection was further associated with increased abundance and diversity of non‐Batrachochytrium chytrid fungi in the skin and environmental microbiome. We also show that increased alpha diversity and the relative abundance of fungi are lower in the skin microbiome of adult stream amphibians compared to adult pond‐breeding amphibians, an association not seen for bacteria. Finally, stream tadpoles exhibit lower proportions of predicted protective microbial taxa than pond tadpoles, suggesting reduced biotic resistance. Our analyses show that host breeding ecology strongly shapes pathogen–microbiome associations at a landscape scale, a trait that may influence resilience in the face of emerging infectious diseases.
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Journal articleMullish BH, Quraishi MN, Segal JP, et al., 2021,
The gut microbiome: what every gastroenterologist needs to know
, Frontline Gastroenterology, Vol: 12, Pages: 118-127, ISSN: 2041-4137<jats:p>The mucosal surfaces of the body are characterised by complex, specialised microbial communities, often referred to as the<jats:italic>microbiome</jats:italic>. However, only much more recently—with the development of technologies allowing exploration of the composition and functionality of these communities—has meaningful research in this area become feasible. Over the past few years, there has been rapid growth in interest in the gut microbiome in particular, and its potential contribution to gastrointestinal and liver disease. This interest has already extended beyond clinicians to pharmaceutical companies, medical regulators and other stakeholders, and is high profile among patients and the lay public in general. Such expansion of knowledge holds the intriguing potential for translation into novel diagnostics and therapeutics; however, being such a nascent field, there remain many uncertainties, unanswered questions and areas of debate.</jats:p>
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Journal articleAllegretti JR, Kassam Z, Hurtado J, et al., 2021,
Impact of fecal microbiota transplantation with capsules on the prevention of metabolic syndrome among patients with obesity
, Hormones, Vol: 20, Pages: 209-211, ISSN: 1109-3099BackgroundFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been studied for the treatment of metabolic syndrome with varying success. However, the possibility of utilizing FMT to prevent metabolic syndrome is to date unknown.MethodsSecondary analysis of a previously published double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial of FMT in obese metabolically healthy patients was conducted. Post-prandial glucose and insulin levels were measured (NCT02741518).ResultsA total of 22 patients were enrolled, 11 in each arm. There were no baseline differences in the area under the curve (AUC) of glucose or insulin in the FMT group compared to placebo. There was a significant change in glucose AUC at week 12 compared to baseline, and in the insulin AUC at week 6 compared to baseline in the FMT group vs. placebo (change in glucose AUC (mg/dl × 60 min): 579 vs 1978, p = 0.03) (change in insulin AUC (μU/ml × 60 min): 137 vs 2728, p = 0.01).ConclusionsThese data suggest that FMT may have a potential role in preventing the development of metabolic syndrome in patients with obesity.
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Conference paperGhani R, Mullish B, Innes A, et al., 2021,
Faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) prior to allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in patients colonised with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) results in improved survival
, ECCMID -
ReportNICE, 2021,
Faecal microbiota transplant for recurrent or refractory Clostridioides difficile infection
, Medtech innovation briefing [MIB247] -
Journal articleLetertre MPM, Myridakis A, Whiley L, et al., 2021,
A targeted ultra performance liquid chromatography - Tandem mass spectrometric assay for tyrosine and metabolites in urine and plasma: Application to the effects of antibiotics on mice
, JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES, Vol: 1164, ISSN: 1570-0232- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 5
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ReportMorgan A, Vander Broek C, 2021,
Microbiome Strategic Roadmap
, Publisher: KTN -
Conference paperMonaghan T, Russell L, Rosati E, et al., 2021,
P307 FMT-associated alterations in the TCR repertoire of patients with severe or fulminant Clostridioides difficile infection
, BSG Campus, Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group, Pages: A199-A200, ISSN: 0017-5749
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