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  • Journal article
    Bates KA, Shelton JMG, Mercier VL, Hopkins KP, Harrison XA, Petrovan SO, Fisher MCet al., 2019,

    Captivity and infection by the fungal pathogen batrachochytrium salamandrivorans perturb the amphibian skin microbiome

    , Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol: 10, ISSN: 1664-302X

    The emerging fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) is responsible for the catastrophic decline of European salamanders and poses a threat to amphibians globally. The amphibian skin microbiome can influence disease outcome for several host-pathogen systems, yet little is known of its role in Bsal infection. In addition, many experimental in-vivo amphibian disease studies to date have relied on specimens that have been kept in captivity for long periods without considering the influence of environment on the microbiome and how this may impact the host response to pathogen exposure. We characterized the impact of captivity and exposure to Bsal on the skin bacterial and fungal communities of two co-occurring European newt species, the smooth newt, Lissotriton vulgaris and the great-crested newt, Triturus cristatus. We show that captivity led to significant losses in bacterial and fungal diversity of amphibian skin, which may be indicative of a decline in microbe-mediated protection. We further demonstrate that in both L. vulgaris and T. cristatus, Bsal infection was associated with changes in the composition of skin bacterial communities with possible negative consequences to host health. Our findings advance current understanding of the role of host-associated microbiota in Bsal infection and highlight important considerations for ex-situ amphibian conservation programmes.

  • Journal article
    Allegretti JR, Mullish BH, Kelly C, Fischer Met al., 2019,

    The evolution of the use of faecal microbiota transplantation and emerging therapeutic indications.

    , Lancet, Vol: 394, Pages: 420-431

    Developments in high-throughput microbial genomic sequencing and other systems biology techniques have given novel insight into the potential contribution of the gut microbiota to health and disease. As a result, an increasing number of diseases have been characterised by distinctive changes in the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota; however, whether such changes are cause, consequence, or incidental to the disease in question remains largely uncertain. Restoration of the gut microbiota to a premorbid state is a key novel therapeutic approach of interest, and faecal microbiota transplantation-the transfer of prescreened stool from healthy donors into the gastrointestinal tract of patients-is gaining increasing importance in both the clinical and research settings. At present, faecal microbiota transplantation is only recommended in the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection, although a large number of trials are ongoing worldwide exploring other potential therapeutic indications.

  • Conference paper
    Riaz Z, Wright M, Atkinson S, Mullish B, McDonald JAKet al., 2019,

    Malignant and cirrhotic ascites demonstrate a similar microbiome profile

    , British Association for the Study of the Liver (BASL) Annual Meeting
  • Journal article
    Allegretti JA, Kassam Z, Carrellas M, Mullish BH, Marchesi JR, Pechlivanis A, Smith M, Gerardin Y, Timberlake S, Pratt DS, Korzenik JRet al., 2019,

    Fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: A pilot clinical trial

    , American Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol: 114, Pages: 1071-1079, ISSN: 1572-0241

    Background: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a cholestatic liver disease with no effective medical therapies. A perturbation of the gut microbiota has been described in association with PSC, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been reported to restore the microbiome in other disease states. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the safety, change in liver enzymes, microbiota and metabolomic profiles in PSC patients after FMT.Methods: Open-label pilot study of PSC patients with concurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ALP > 1.5X the upper limit of normal. Participants underwent a single FMT by colonoscopy. Liver enzyme profiles and stool microbiome and metabolomic analysis was conducted at baseline and week 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 post-FMT. The primaryoutcome was safety and secondary outcomes include a decrease in ALP ≥50% from baseline by week 24 post-FMT, as well as stool microbiota (by 16S rRNA gene profiling) and metabonomic dynamics were assessed.Results. Ten patients underwent FMT. Nine patients had ulcerative colitis and 1 with Crohn’s colitis. The mean baseline ALP was 489 U/L. There were no related adverse events. Overall, 30% (3/10) experienced a ≥50% decrease ALP. The diversity increased in all patients post-FMT, as early as week 1 (p<0.01). Importantly, abundance of engrafter operational taxanomic units (OTUs) in patients post-FMT correlated with decreased ALP (p=0.02).Conclusion: To our knowledge, this first study to demonstrate that FMT in PSC is safe. Additionally, increases in bacterial diversity and engraftment may correlate with an improvement in ALP among PSC patients.

  • Journal article
    Nathwani R, Mullish BH, Kockerling D, Rajani N, Dhar Aet al., 2019,

    Recurrent bacteraemia following variceal haemorrhage

    , Gut, Vol: 69, Pages: 726-780, ISSN: 0017-5749
  • Conference paper
    Ghani R, Gan C, Mullish BH, Ferizoli V, Davies F, Thursz MR, Marchesi JR, Dasgupta R, Minhas Set al., 2019,

    P13-2 Prevalence of recurrent Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients within a Urology service and introducing the concept of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) as a treatment modality

    , British Association of Urological Surgeons Annual Scientific Meeting, Publisher: SAGE Publications, Pages: 83-85, ISSN: 2051-4158
  • Journal article
    Allegretti JR, Kassam Z, Chiang AL, Mullish BH, Carrellas M, Hurtado J, Marchesi J, McDonald JA, Pechlivanis A, Barker GF, Blanco JM, Wong WF, Geradin Y, Silverstein M, Kennedy K, Thompson CCet al., 2019,

    621 – Fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of obesity: A randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial

    , Gastroenterology, Vol: 156, Pages: S-129-S-129, ISSN: 0016-5085
  • Journal article
    Allegretti JR, Hurtado J, Carrellas M, Marcus J, Phelps E, Wong WF, Marchesi J, Mullish BH, McDonald JA, Pechlivanis A, Barker GF, Blanco JM, Sagi S, Bohm M, Kelly CR, Kassam Z, Grinspan A, Fischer Met al., 2019,

    7 – The icon study: Inflammatory bowel disease and recurrent clostridium difficile infection: Outcomes after fecal microbiota transplantation

    , Gastroenterology, Vol: 156, Pages: S-2-S-3, ISSN: 0016-5085
  • Journal article
    Churchward MA, Michaud ER, Blanco JM, Garcia-Perez I, Mullish BH, Marchesi J, Xu H, Kao DH, Todd Ket al., 2019,

    Sa1924 – Effect of short chain fatty acids on gut-brain axis using a microglial cell model

    , Gastroenterology, Vol: 156, Pages: S-455-S-455, ISSN: 0016-5085
  • Journal article
    McDonald JA, Perez JL, Mullish BH, Marchesi Jet al., 2019,

    Mo1953 – Growth inhibition of clostridioides difficile by short and medium chain fatty acids

    , Gastroenterology, Vol: 156, Pages: S-898-S-898, ISSN: 0016-5085

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