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  • Journal article
    Ferguson DJ, Maclennan J, Bastow ID, Pyle D, Jones SM, Keir D, Blundy DJ, Plank T, Yirgu Get al., 2013,

    Melting during late-stage rifting in Afar is hot and deep

    , Nature, Vol: 499, Pages: 70-74, ISSN: 0028-0836

    Investigations of a variety of continental rifts and margins worldwide have revealed that a considerable volume of melt can intrude into the crust during continental breakup(1-8), modifying its composition and thermal structure. However, it is unclear whether the cause of voluminous melt production at volcanic rifts is primarily increased mantle temperature or plate thinning(1,2,8-12). Also disputed is the extent to which plate stretching or thinning is uniform or varies with depth with the entire continental lithospheric mantle potentially being removed before plate rupture(13-16). Here we show that the extensive magmatism during rifting along the southern Red Sea rift in Afar, a unique region of sub-aerial transition from continental to oceanic rifting, is driven by deep melting of hotter-than-normal asthenosphere. Petrogenetic modelling shows that melts are predominantly generated at depths greater than 80 kilometres, implying the existence of a thick upper thermo-mechanical boundary layer in a rift system approaching the point of plate rupture. Numerical modelling of rift development shows that when breakup occurs at the slow extension rates observed in Afar, the survival of a thick plate is an inevitable consequence of conductive cooling of the lithosphere, even when the underlying asthenosphere is hot. Sustained magmatic activity during rifting in Afar thus requires persistently high mantle temperatures, which would allow melting at high pressure beneath the thick plate. If extensive plate thinning does occur during breakup it must do so abruptly at a late stage, immediately before the formation of the new ocean basin(16).
  • Report
    McIntyre N, Ballard C, Park JS, Henshaw A, Pagella T, Dangerfield S, Ewen J, Bulygina N, Marshall M, Reynolds B, Wheater H, O’Donnell G, Jackson B, O’Connell E, Thorne C, Cluckie I, Sinclair Fet al., 2012,

    Land use management effects on flood flows – guidance on prediction
  • Journal article
    Tong D, Trusler JPM, Maitland GC, Gibbins J, Fennell PSet al., 2012,

    Solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solution of monoethanolamine or 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol: Experimental measurements and modelling

    , International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol: 6, Pages: 37-47

    Despite the importance of the accurate measurement of vapour–liquid equilibria (VLE) data, the reported values, even for well-studied systems such as MEA–H2O–CO2, are scattered. This work centres on the development of an experimental method to measure accurately the VLE of various aqueous amine systems. A static-analytic type of VLE apparatus has been constructed and employed to measure the VLE of CO2 in aqueous monoethanolamine and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. Gas chromatography was used to analyse the liquid phase compositions. The setup has been validated against literature data for 30 mass% MEA (monoethanolamine) at T = 313 and 393 K and was shown to be capable of generating reliable and repeatable data. New measurements for 30 mass% aqueous AMP (2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol) solutions are also presented at temperatures between 313 and 393 K and a total pressure range of 23–983 kPa. A quasi-chemical model has been employed to interpret the experimental data for the MEA–H2O–CO2 and AMP–H2O–CO2 systems. The average absolute deviation (ΔAAD) between model prediction and experimental data is within 7%.
  • Journal article
    Bakewell C, Thi-Phuong-Anh C, Long N, Le Goff XF, Auffrant A, Williams CKet al., 2012,

    Yttrium Phosphasalen Initiators for <i>rac</i>-Lactide Polymerization: Excellent Rates and High Iso-Selectivities

    , JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Vol: 134, Pages: 20577-20580, ISSN: 0002-7863
  • Journal article
    Llovell F, Mac Dowell N, Bias FJ, Galindo A, Jackson Get al., 2012,

    Application of the SAFT-VR density functional theory to the prediction of the interfacial properties of mixtures of relevance to reservoir engineering

    , FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA, Vol: 336, Pages: 137-150, ISSN: 0378-3812
  • Conference paper
    Jordan N, Allison PA, Hill JH, Sutton MDet al., 2012,

    Carbonates, ammonites and the fate of aragonite: a new perspective from the Lower Jurassic of Lyme Regis

    , British Sedimentological Research Group Annual Meeting

    The Lower Jurassic Blue Lias Formation at Lyme Regis, Dorset, preserves a diverse assemblage of invertebrate and vertebrate fossils within rhythmic packages of shales, marls and carbonates. One limestone bed in particular, Bed 29, preserves a unique pavement of very large (up to 72 cm) ammonites, initially buried in carbonate mud before diagenetic cementation. The ammonite accumulation is most likely due to sedimentological condensation but the mechanisms for preserving an aragonitic shell long enough for it to be neomorphosed to calcite on the seabed are a challenge for conventional taphonomic models. It has been suggested that early dissolution of aragonite is a major process in offshore deeper ramp settings, resulting in the removal of sediment prior to lithification. We present field-based evidence for a new model of aragonite preservation within a cyclic oxic-anoxic carbonate environment, using ammonite preservation to track the fate of aragonite in different depositional environments. The carbonate sediment provides a short-term geochemical buffer that militates against the dissolution of aragonite sediment and molluscs, allowing neomorphism to calcite under some conditions. The broader implications of this model for the preservation of molluscan shells and reduced sediment dissolution in carbonate environments under variably oxygenated conditions are evaluated.
  • Journal article
    Mac Dowell N, Shah N, 2012,

    Shipping and CCS: A systems perspective

    , Sustainable Technologies, Systems &amp; Policies, Vol: 2012, ISSN: 2220-2765
  • Journal article
    Fennell PS, Florin N, Napp T, Hills Tet al., 2012,

    CCS from industrial sources

    , Sustainable Technologies, Systems &amp; Policies, Vol: 2012, ISSN: 2220-2765
  • Journal article
    Iacovidou E, Ohandja D-G, Voulvoulis N, 2012,

    Food waste co-digestion with sewage sludge - Realising its potential in the UK

    , JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, Vol: 112, Pages: 267-274, ISSN: 0301-4797
  • Journal article
    Kirchartz T, Agostinelli T, Campoy-Quiles M, Gong W, Nelson Jet al., 2012,

    Understanding the Thickness-Dependent Performance of Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: The Influence of Mobility, Lifetime, and Space Charge

    , JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS, Vol: 3, Pages: 3470-3475, ISSN: 1948-7185
  • Conference paper
    von Srbik MT, Martinez-Botas R, 2012,

    Vehicle Optimisation for Regenerative Brake Energy Maximisation

    , IMechE Sustainable Vehicles Technologies Conference

    Regenerative braking is an effective method to increase the driving range of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and to reduce overall vehicle fuel consumption. This paper presents the potential savings due to regenerative braking and the resulting driving range extension. A Cooperative Regenerative Braking Strategy (CRBS) Matlab/Simulink environment has been developed. The regenerative energy and efficiency are evaluated for given driving cycle time-trace and vehicle component configuration in a flexible simulation platform architecture containing reduced-order component models.The paper focuses on vehicle configuration comparison and quantification including economic considerations. A sensitivity study yielded the isolated dependency of regeneration efficiency performance on several parameters, in decreasing order of impact: electric machine efficiency, drive type, power train configuration, brake torque application, shifting strategy, air resistance and vehicle mass. The resulting significance to improvements of the overall vehicle includes the likelihood of advances in the respective technologies.Optimum configurations for specific vehicle types and driving scenarios have been devised and potential savings due to CRBS implementation quantified; pointing towards the great significance of vehicle configuration optimisation for a particular application rather than the broadest customer base possible.Future projections in terms of Carbon Dioxide emission reduction due to regenerative braking and component optimisation (up to 40%) were made. The likelihood of technology advances and acceleration of innovation market diffusion following consumption trends were taken into account.Barriers to quick market implementation were explored, including initial capital investment, consumer reluctance to change, and marketing difficulties. Future development challenges in the Hybrid vehicle industry are discussed.
  • Journal article
    Keirstead JE, Sivakumar A, 2012,

    Using Activity-Based Modeling to Simulate Urban Resource Demands at High Spatial and Temporal Resolutions

    , Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol: 2012

    Cities are increasingly recognized as major contributors to global resourceconsumption and other environmental problems. To date, urban industrialecology literature has focused largely on assessments of urban performance atannual whole-city scales, for example in descriptive urban metabolism studiesor strategic assessments of future policy directions. However implementingthese strategies and constructing e cient urban infrastructures in particularrequires greater spatial and temporal resolution in the underlying demanddata. As this information is rarely available, we demonstrate how activity-based modelling can be used to simulate these demand pro les. The methodis rst described in general before demonstrating its use in the simulationof electricity and gas demands in London. A simple regression model isused to convert activity pro les into resource demands and we discuss thestrengths and weaknesses of this approach, as well as evaluate future researchdirections.
  • Journal article
    Wright A, Siegert M, 2012,

    A fourth inventory of Antarctic subglacial lakes

    , ANTARCTIC SCIENCE, Vol: 24, Pages: 659-664, ISSN: 0954-1020
  • Journal article
    Keane A, Jones JPG, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2012,

    Modelling the effect of individual strategic behaviour on community-level outcomes of conservation interventions

    , ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, Vol: 39, Pages: 305-315, ISSN: 0376-8929
  • Journal article
    Hausmann U, Czaja A, 2012,

    The observed signature of mesoscale eddies in sea surface temperature and the associated heat transport

    , DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS, Vol: 70, Pages: 60-72, ISSN: 0967-0637
  • Journal article
    Mota A, Butenko N, Hallett JP, Correia Iet al., 2012,

    Application of V<SUP>IV</SUP>O(acac)<sub>2</sub> type complexes in the desulfurization of fuels with ionic liquids

    , CATALYSIS TODAY, Vol: 196, Pages: 119-125, ISSN: 0920-5861
  • Journal article
    Vineis P, Khan A, 2012,

    Climate Change-Induced Salinity Threatens Health

    , SCIENCE, Vol: 338, Pages: 1028-1029, ISSN: 0036-8075
  • Journal article
    Zhang D, Samsatli NJ, Hawkes AD, Brett D, Shah N, Papageorgiou LGet al., 2012,

    Fair electricity transfer price and unit capacity selection for microgrids

    , Energy Economics, Vol: In Press, ISSN: 0140-9883

    Microgrids are defined as an area of electricity distribution network that can operate autonomously from the rest of the network. In order to achieve the best economic outcomes, the participants in a microgrid can benefit from cooperation in microgrid design and operation. In this paper, a mathematical programming formulation is presented for fair, optimised cost distribution amongst participants in a general microgrid. The proposed formulation is based on the Game-theory Nash bargaining solution approach for finding optimal multi-partner cost levels subject to given upper bounds on the equivalent annual costs. The microgrid planning problem concerning the fair electricity transfer price and unit capacity selection is first formulated as a mixed integer non-linear programming model. Then, a separable programming approach is applied to reform the resulting mixed integer non-linear programming model to a mixed integer linear programming form. The model is applied to a case study with a microgrid involving five participants.
  • Journal article
    Woodward G, Brown LE, Edwards FK, Hudson LN, Milner AM, Reuman DC, Ledger MEet al., 2012,

    Climate change impacts in multispecies systems: drought alters food web size structure in a field experiment

    , PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol: 367, Pages: 2990-2997, ISSN: 0962-8436
  • Journal article
    Dussaillant J A, Buytaert W, Meier C, Espinoza Fet al., 2012,

    Hydrological regime of remote catchments with extreme gradients under accelerated change: the Baker basin in Patagonia

    , HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES, Vol: 57, Pages: 1530-1542, ISSN: 0262-6667
  • Journal article
    Arce A, Mac Dowell N, Shah N, Vega LFet al., 2012,

    Flexible operation of solvent regeneration systems for CO₂ capture processes using advanced control techniques: Towards operational cost minimisation

    , INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL, Vol: 11, Pages: 236-250, ISSN: 1750-5836
  • Journal article
    van Reeuwijk M, Lari KS, 2012,

    Asymptotic solutions for turbulent mass transfer augmented by a first order chemical reaction

    , INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, Vol: 55, Pages: 6485-6490, ISSN: 0017-9310
  • Journal article
    Stern-Gottfried J, Rein G, 2012,

    Travelling fires for structural design–Part I: Literature review

    , Fire Safety Journal, Vol: 54, Pages: 74-85, ISSN: 0379-7112
  • Journal article
    Stern-Gottfried J, Rein G, 2012,

    Travelling fires for structural design-Part II: Design methodology

    , Fire Safety Journal, Vol: 54, Pages: 96-112, ISSN: 0379-7112
  • Journal article
    Al-Jeboori MJ, Fennell PS, Michaela N, Peng Ket al., 2012,

    Effects of Different Dopants and Doping Procedures on the Reactivity of CaO-based Sorbents for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture

    , ENERGY & FUELS, Vol: 26, Pages: 6584-6594, ISSN: 0887-0624
  • Journal article
    Viré A, Xiang J, Milthaler F, Farrell P, Piggott MD, Latham JP, Pavlidis D, Pain CCet al., 2012,

    Modelling of fluid–solid interactions using an adaptive mesh fluid model coupled with a combined finite–discrete element model

    , Ocean Dynamics
  • Journal article
    Daniau A-L, Bartlein PJ, Harrison SP, Prentice IC, Brewer S, Friedlingstein P, Harrison-Prentice TI, Inoue J, Izumi K, Marlon JR, Mooney S, Power MJ, Stevenson J, Tinner W, Andric M, Atanassova J, Behling H, Black M, Blarquez O, Brown KJ, Carcaillet C, Colhoun EA, Colombaroli D, Davis BAS, D'Costa D, Dodson J, Dupont L, Eshetu Z, Gavin DG, Genries A, Haberle S, Hallett DJ, Hope G, Horn SP, Kassa TG, Katamura F, Kennedy LM, Kershaw P, Krivonogov S, Long C, Magri D, Marinova E, McKenzie GM, Moreno PI, Moss P, Neumann FH, Norstrom E, Paitre C, Rius D, Roberts N, Robinson GS, Sasaki N, Scott L, Takahara H, Terwilliger V, Thevenon F, Turner R, Valsecchi VG, Vanniere B, Walsh M, Williams N, Zhang Yet al., 2012,

    Predictability of biomass burning in response to climate changes

    , GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, Vol: 26, ISSN: 0886-6236
  • Journal article
    Chon H-S, Ohandja D-G, Voulvoulis N, 2012,

    A risk-based approach to prioritise catchments for diffuse metal pollution management

    , SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, Vol: 437, Pages: 42-52, ISSN: 0048-9697
  • Journal article
    Voulvoulis N, 2012,

    Response to: <i>Comment on Iacovidou</i>, <i>E</i>.; <i>Ohandja</i>, <i>D</i>.-<i>G</i>. <i>and Voulvoulis</i>, <i>N</i>. (<i>2012</i>) <i>Food waste disposal units in UK households</i>: <i>The need for policy intervention</i>, <i>Science of the Total Environment</i>, <i>423</i>, <i>1</i>-<i>7</i>, by Evans TD

    , SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, Vol: 437, Pages: 435-438, ISSN: 0048-9697
  • Book
    Woodward G, 2012,

    Global Change in Multispecies Systems: Part 1

    , Publisher: Academic Press, ISBN: 9780123972934

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