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  • Journal article
    Aitken ARA, Young DA, Ferraccioli F, Betts PG, Greenbaum JS, Richter TG, Roberts JL, Blankenship DD, Siegert MJet al., 2014,

    The subglacial geology of Wilkes Land, East Antarctica

    , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 41, Pages: 2390-2400, ISSN: 0094-8276
  • Journal article
    Ansell C, Brindley HE, Pradhan Y, Saunders Ret al., 2014,

    Mineral dust aerosol net direct radiative effect during GERBILS field campaign period derived from SEVIRI and GERB

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, Vol: 119, Pages: 4070-4086, ISSN: 2169-897X
  • Journal article
    MacLachlan AJ, O'Mahony FTF, Sudlow AL, Hill MS, Molloy KC, Nelson J, Haque SAet al., 2014,

    Solution- Processed Mesoscopic Bi2S3: Polymer Photoactive Layers

    , CHEMPHYSCHEM, Vol: 15, Pages: 1019-1023, ISSN: 1439-4235
  • Journal article
    Ferrándiz-Mas V, Bond T, García-Alcocel E, Cheeseman CRet al., 2014,

    Lightweight mortars containing expanded polystyrene and paper sludge ash

    , Construction and Building Materials, Vol: 61, Pages: 285-292, ISSN: 0950-0618

    The objective of this research was to develop lightweight cement mortars with good thermal-insulation properties by incorporating expanded polystyrene (EPS) and paper sludge ash (PSA), both of which are problematic waste materials. The mortars formed had low thermal conductivity and low bulk density compared to control samples. Ground EPS produced lower thermal conductivity samples than powdered EPS. Resource efficient mortars containing up to 20% PSA, and 60% of EPS are considered suitable for use in rendering and plastering applications.
  • Journal article
    Deledalle F, Shakya Tuladhar P, Nelson J, Durrant JR, Kirchartz Tet al., 2014,

    Understanding the Apparent Charge Density Dependence of Mobility and Lifetime in Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

    , The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol: 118, Pages: 8837-8842, ISSN: 1932-7447
  • Journal article
    Melvin T, Staniforth A, Cotter C, 2014,

    A two-dimensional mixed finite-element pair on rectangles

    , Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol: 140, Pages: 930-942, ISSN: 0035-9009
  • Journal article
    Zulkafli Z, Buytaert W, Onof C, Manz B, Tarnavsky E, Lavado W, Guyot J-Let al., 2014,

    A Comparative Performance Analysis of TRMM 3B42 (TMPA) Versions 6 and 7 for Hydrological Applications over Andean-Amazon River Basins

    , JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY, Vol: 15, Pages: 581-592, ISSN: 1525-755X
  • Journal article
    Bennett JE, Blangiardo M, Fecht D, Elliott P, Ezzati Met al., 2014,

    Vulnerability to the mortality effects of warm temperature in the districts of England and Wales

    , Nature Climate Change, Vol: 4, Pages: 269-273, ISSN: 1758-678X

    Warm temperatures adversely affect disease occurrence and death, in extreme conditions as well as when the temperature changes are more modest1,2. Therefore climate change, which is expected to affect both average temperatures and temperature variability, is likely to impact health even in temperate climates. Climate change risk assessment is enriched if there is information on vulnerability and resilience to effects of temperature. Some studies have analysed socio-demographic characteristics that make individuals vulnerable to adverse effects of temperature1,2,3,4. Less is known about community-level vulnerability. We used geo-coded mortality and environmental data and Bayesian spatial methods to conduct a national small-area analysis of the mortality effects of warm temperature for all 376 districts in England and Wales. In the most vulnerable districts, those in London and south/southeast England, odds of dying from cardiorespiratory causes increased by more than 10% for 1 °C warmer temperature, compared with virtually no effect in the most resilient districts, which were in the far north. A 2 °C warmer summer may result in 1,552 (95% credible interval 1,307–1,762) additional deaths, about one-half of which would occur in 95 districts. The findings enable risk and adaptation analyses to incorporate local vulnerability to warm temperature and to quantify inequality in its effects.
  • Journal article
    Stoeckel M, Tesitelova T, Jersakova J, Bidartondo MI, Gebauer Get al., 2014,

    Carbon and nitrogen gain during the growth of orchid seedlings in nature

    , New Phytologist, Vol: 202, Pages: 606-615, ISSN: 1469-8137
  • Journal article
    Rosenberg DE, Madani K, 2014,

    Water Resources Systems Analysis: A Bright Past and a Challenging but Promising Future

    , JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT, Vol: 140, Pages: 407-409, ISSN: 0733-9496
  • Journal article
    Burnett RT, Pope CA, Ezzati M, Olives C, Lim SS, Mehta S, Shin HH, Singh G, Hubbell B, Brauer M, Anderson HR, Smith KR, Balmes JR, Bruce NG, Kan H, Laden F, Pruess-Ustuen A, Turner MC, Gapstur SM, Diver WR, Cohen Aet al., 2014,

    An Integrated Risk Function for Estimating the Global Burden of Disease Attributable to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Exposure

    , ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES, Vol: 122, Pages: 397-403, ISSN: 0091-6765
  • Journal article
    Tawfiq KM, Miller GJ, Al-Jeboori MJ, Fennell PS, Coles SJ, Tizzard GJ, Wilson C, Potgieter Het al., 2014,

    Comparison of the structural motifs and packing arrangements of six novel derivatives and one polymorph of 2-(1-phenyl-1<i>H</i>-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine

    , ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS, Vol: 70, Pages: 379-389, ISSN: 0108-7681
  • Journal article
    Noven RC, Veraart AED, Gandy A, 2014,

    A Levy-driven rainfall model with applications to futures pricing
  • Journal article
    Agostini L, Touber E, Leschziner MA, 2014,

    Spanwise oscillatory wall motion in channel flow: drag-reduction mechanisms inferred from DNS-predicted phase-wise property variations at Re-tau=1000

    , Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol: 743, Pages: 606-635, ISSN: 0022-1120

    A direct-numerical-simulation-based study is presented, which focuses on the response of near-wall turbulence and skin friction to the imposition of an oscillatory spanwise wall motion in channel flow. One point of contrast to earlier studies is the relatively high Reynolds number of the flow, namely Reτ=1000 in the unforced baseline flow. Another is the focus on transients in the drag that are in the form of moderate oscillatory variations in the skin friction and near-wall turbulence around the low-drag state at a sub-optimal actuation period. These conditions allow phase-averaged statistics to be extracted, during the periodic drag decrease and rise, that shed light on the interaction between turbulence and the unsteady Stokes strain. Results are presented for, among others, the phase-averaged second moments of stochastic fluctuations and their budgets, enstrophy components and joint probability density functions. The study identifies velocity skewness – the wall-normal derivative of the angle of the velocity vector – as playing a significant role in the streak-damping process during the drag-reduction phase. Furthermore, the phase-wise asymmetry in the skewness is identified as the source of a distinctive hysteresis in all properties, wherein the drag decrease progresses over a longer proportion of the actuation cycle than the drag increase. This feature, coupled with the fact that the streak-generation time scale limits the ability of the streaks to re-establish themselves during the low-skewness phase when the actuation period is sufficiently short, is proposed to drive the drag-reduction process. The observations in the study thus augment a previously identified mechanism proposed by two of the present authors, in which the drag-reduction process was linked to the rate of change in the Stokes strain in the upper region of the viscous sublayer where the streaks are strongest. Furthermore, an examination of the stochastic-stress budgets and the
  • Conference paper
    Duran B, Hartig E, Draper E, Snyder R, DeGanga C, Williams CK, Haaf Met al., 2014,

    Tri- and tetra-dentate quinolide organometallic catalysts for stereocontrolled rac-lactide polymerization

    , 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS), Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, ISSN: 0065-7727
  • Conference paper
    Cao J, Boot-Handford M, Zili Z, Fennell PSet al., 2014,

    Effects of different preparation methods on chemical looping compounds

    , 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS), Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, ISSN: 0065-7727
  • Journal article
    Xu LJ, Chu W, Graham N, 2014,

    Degradation of di-<i>n</i>-butyl phthalate by a homogeneous sono-photo-Fenton process with in situ generated hydrogen peroxide

    , CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, Vol: 240, Pages: 541-547, ISSN: 1385-8947
  • Journal article
    Dimakopoulou K, Samoli E, Beelen R, Stafoggia M, Andersen ZJ, Hoffmann B, Fischer P, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Vineis P, Xun W, Hoek G, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Oudin A, Forsberg B, Modig L, Jousilahti P, Lanki T, Turunen A, Oftedal B, Nafstad P, Schwarze PE, Penell J, Fratiglioni L, Andersson N, Pedersen N, Korek M, De Faire U, Eriksen KT, Tjonneland A, Becker T, Wang M, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Tsai M-Y, Eeftens M, Peeters PH, Meliefste K, Marcon A, Kramer U, Kuhlbusch TAJ, Vossoughi M, Key T, de Hoogh K, Hampel R, Peters A, Heinrich J, Weinmayr G, Concin H, Nagel G, Ineichen A, Jacquemin B, Stempfelet M, Vilier A, Ricceri F, Sacerdote C, Pedeli X, Katsoulis M, Trichopoulou A, Brunekreef B, Katsouyanni Ket al., 2014,

    Air Pollution and Nonmalignant Respiratory Mortality in 16 Cohorts within the ESCAPE Project

    , AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, Vol: 189, Pages: 684-696, ISSN: 1073-449X
  • Journal article
    Switzer C, Pironi P, Gerhard JI, Rein G, Torero JLet al., 2014,

    Volumetric scale-up of smouldering remediation of contaminated materials

    , JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, Vol: 268, Pages: 51-60, ISSN: 0304-3894
  • Journal article
    Madani K, Guegan M, Uvo CB, 2014,

    Climate change impacts on high-elevation hydroelectricity in California

    , JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY, Vol: 510, Pages: 153-163, ISSN: 0022-1694
  • Journal article
    Jordi BE, Cotter CJ, Sherwin SJ, 2014,

    Encapsulated formulation of the selective frequency damping method

    , Physics of Fluids, Vol: 26, ISSN: 1089-7666

    We present an alternative “encapsulated” formulation of the selective frequencydamping method for finding unstable equilibria of dynamical systems, which isparticularly useful when analysing the stability of fluid flows. The formulation makesuse of splitting methods, which means that it can be wrapped around an existingtime-stepping code as a “black box.” The method is first applied to a scalar problemin order to analyse its stability and highlight the roles of the control coefficient χand the filter width in the convergence (or not) towards the steady-state. Then thesteady-state of the incompressible flow past a two-dimensional cylinder at Re = 100,obtained with a code which implements the spectral/hp element method, is presented.
  • Journal article
    Boncel S, Pattinson SW, Geiser V, Shaffer MSP, Koziol KKKet al., 2014,

    En route to controlled catalytic CVD synthesis of densely packed and vertically aligned nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube arrays

    , Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, Vol: 5, Pages: 219-233, ISSN: 2190-4286

    The catalytic chemical vapour deposition (c-CVD) technique was applied in the synthesis of vertically aligned arrays of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs). A mixture of toluene (main carbon source), pyrazine (1,4-diazine, nitrogen source) and ferrocene (catalyst precursor) was used as the injection feedstock. To optimize conditions for growing the most dense and aligned N-CNT arrays, we investigated the influence of key parameters, i.e., growth temperature (660, 760 and 860 °C), composition of the feedstock and time of growth, on morphology and properties of N-CNTs. The presence of nitrogen species in the hot zone of the quartz reactor decreased the growth rate of N-CNTs down to about one twentieth compared to the growth rate of multi-wall CNTs (MWCNTs). As revealed by electron microscopy studies (SEM, TEM), the individual N-CNTs (half as thick as MWCNTs) grown under the optimal conditions were characterized by a superior straightness of the outer walls, which translated into a high alignment of dense nanotube arrays, i.e., 5 × 108 nanotubes per mm2 (100 times more than for MWCNTs grown in the absence of nitrogen precursor). In turn, the internal crystallographic order of the N-CNTs was found to be of a ‘bamboo’-like or ‘membrane’-like (multi-compartmental structure) morphology. The nitrogen content in the nanotube products, which ranged from 0.0 to 3.0 wt %, was controlled through the concentration of pyrazine in the feedstock. Moreover, as revealed by Raman/FT-IR spectroscopy, the incorporation of nitrogen atoms into the nanotube walls was found to be proportional to the number of deviations from the sp2-hybridisation of graphene C-atoms. As studied by XRD, the temperature and the [pyrazine]/[ferrocene] ratio in the feedstock affected the composition of the catalyst particles, and hence changed the growth mechanism of individual N-CNTs into a ‘mixed base-and-tip’ (primarily of the base-type) type as compared to t
  • Journal article
    Michael NA, Carter A, Whittaker AC, Allen PAet al., 2014,

    Erosion rates in the source region of an ancient sediment routing system: comparison of depositional volumes with thermochronometric estimates

    , Journal of the Geological Society, Vol: 171, Pages: 401-412
  • Journal article
    Rosa IMD, Ahmed SE, Ewers RM, 2014,

    The transparency, reliability and utility of tropical rainforest land-use and land-cover change models

    , Glob Change Biol, Pages: n/a-n/a, ISSN: 1365-2486
  • Journal article
    Beelen R, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Stafoggia M, Andersen ZJ, Weinmayr G, Hoffmann B, Wolf K, Samoli E, Fischer P, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Vineis P, Xun WW, Katsouyanni K, Dimakopoulou K, Oudin A, Forsberg B, Modig L, Havulinna AS, Lanki T, Turunen A, Oftedal B, Nystad W, Nafstad P, De Faire U, Pedersen NL, Ostenson C-G, Fratiglioni L, Penell J, Korek M, Pershagen G, Eriksen KT, Overvad K, Ellermann T, Eeftens M, Peeters PH, Meliefste K, Wang M, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Sugiri D, Kraemer U, Heinrich J, de Hoogh K, Key T, Peters A, Hampel R, Concin H, Nagel G, Ineichen A, Schaffner E, Probst-Hensch N, Kuenzli N, Schindler C, Schikowski T, Adam M, Phuleria H, Vilier A, Clavel-Chapelon F, Declercq C, Grioni S, Krogh V, Tsai M-Y, Ricceri F, Sacerdote C, Galassi C, Migliore E, Ranzi A, Cesaroni G, Badaloni C, Forastiere F, Tamayo I, Amiano P, Dorronsoro M, Katsoulis M, Trichopoulou A, Brunekreef B, Hoek Get al., 2014,

    Effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on natural-cause mortality: an analysis of 22 European cohorts within the multicentre ESCAPE project

    , LANCET, Vol: 383, Pages: 785-795, ISSN: 0140-6736
  • Journal article
    Emanuelsson MAE, McIntyre N, Hunt CF, Mawle R, Kitson J, Voulvoulis Net al., 2014,

    Flood risk assessment for infrastructure networks

    , Journal of Flood Risk Management, Vol: 7, Pages: 31-41, ISSN: 1753-318X

    A practical framework for flood risk screening was developed to assess the flood risk to water utility assets within the infrastructure network. The tool is a combination of probability and consequence assessments. The first takes into account how probable it is for a particular asset to flood and cause significant damage. The second estimates the level of consequences a flood will have, considering, for example, the level of loss of service, environmental pollution and cost. The consequence assessment is based on a dependency assessment that identifies knock‐on effects on other assets within the asset network and assesses the level of consequence they will have. The probability and consequence assessments are combined to produce a risk score that can be used to rank assets in a screening process that aims to assist companies in prioritising the investments required for taking action to reduce flood risk to their assets.
  • Journal article
    Funke SW, Farrell PE, Piggott MD, 2014,

    Tidal turbine array optimisation using the adjoint approach

    , Renewable Energy, Vol: 63, Pages: 658-673, ISSN: 0960-1481

    Oceanic tides have the potential to yield a vast amount of renewable energy. Tidal stream generators are one of the key technologies for extracting and harnessing this potential. In order to extract an economically useful amount of power, hundreds of tidal turbines must typically be deployed in an array. This naturally leads to the question of how these turbines should be configured to extract the maximum possible power: the positioning and the individual tuning of the turbines could significantly influence the extracted power, and hence is of major economic interest. However, manual optimisation is difficult due to legal site constraints, nonlinear interactions of the turbine wakes, and the cubic dependence of the power on the flow speed. The novel contribution of this paper is the formulation of this problem as an optimisation problem constrained by a physical model, which is then solved using an efficient gradient-based optimisation algorithm. In each optimisation iteration, a two-dimensional finite element shallow water model predicts the flow and the performance of the current array configuration. The gradient of the power extracted with respect to the turbine positions and their tuning parameters is then computed in a fraction of the time taken for a flow solution by solving the associated adjoint equations. These equations propagate causality backwards through the computation, from the power extracted back to the turbine positions and the tuning parameters. This yields the gradient at a cost almost independent of the number of turbines, which is crucial for any practical application. The utility of the approach is demonstrated by optimising turbine arrays in four idealised scenarios and a more realistic case with up to 256 turbines in the Inner Sound of the Pentland Firth, Scotland.
  • Journal article
    Asgari S, Afshar A, Madani K, 2014,

    Cooperative Game Theoretic Framework for Joint Resource Management in Construction

    , JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, Vol: 140, ISSN: 0733-9364
  • Journal article
    Dabai F, Paterson N, Milian M, Fennell P, Kandiyoti Ret al., 2014,

    Tar Formation and Destruction in a Fixed Bed Reactor Simulating Downdraft Gasification: Effect of Reaction Conditions on Tar Cracking Products

    , ENERGY & FUELS, Vol: 28, Pages: 1970-1982, ISSN: 0887-0624
  • Journal article
    Davies TK, Mees CC, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2014,

    The past, present and future use of drifting fish aggregating devices (FADs) in the Indian Ocean

    , MARINE POLICY, Vol: 45, Pages: 163-170, ISSN: 0308-597X

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