Breast

Why it is important

One and a half million women are diagnosed with breast cancer each year worldwide and it is responsible for 500,000 deaths annually. As such, breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths and importantly, the last thirty years have seen incidence of new cases rising year on year. Implementation of early detection programmes and the use of targeted cancer drugs have greatly improved patient survival, so that deaths from breast cancer have been declining in many countries. Unfortunately, many patients become resistant to cancer drugs, identifying an urgent need for additional treatments. Additionally, appropriate targeted therapies do not currently exist for a substantial proportion of breast cancer patients.

 

• Transcriptional and epigenetic profiling in breast cancer: next generation sequencing approaches are being used to define the for defining the epigenetic landscape of localized and metastatic breast cancer, drug response and resistant breast cancer. The aims are to identify critical genes and cell regulatory pathways that contribute to breast cancer progression.
• Inhibiting transcriptional processes in breast cancer: Regulation of gene expression (transcription) is frequently deregulated in cancer. We are evaluating small molecule inhibitors of different stages of the transcription process towards development of transcription inhibitors for cancer treatment.
• Mechanisms of Estrogen Receptor (ER) action in breast cancer: ER is expressed in 80% of breast cancers its activity is blocked with anti-estrogen (tamoxifen, fulvestrant) or with aromatase inhibitors. We aim to understand resistance to these endocrine therapies and the importance of ER mutations for drug resistance and metastasis.  
• Fokhead transcription factors: Importance of forkead family members, in particular FOXO3A and FOXM1 in drug resistance are being evaluated.
• Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) in breast cancer progression: ncRNA, as well as microRNAs are recently described effectors of many cellular functions, the importance of which for breast cancer is rapidly becoming established. Current research is aimed at identifying and characterising the importance of ncRNA and microRNAs in breast cancer progression.
• Clinical trials: A number of new breast cancer drugs have been pioneered by Imperial researchers and clinical evaluation of new drugs and drug combinations are a continuing and important part of our work.