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Conference paperHellyer PJ, Shanahan MP, Scott G, et al., 2012,
Global network dynamics during task based activity in the brain.
, British Association of Cognitive Neuroscience -
Book chapterOwen AM, Hampshire A, 2012,
The mid-ventrolateral frontal cortex and attentional control
, Neuroimaging of Human Memory: Linking Cognitive Processes to Neural SystemsThis chapter examines neuroimaging evidence that suggests that the mid-ventrolateral frontal cortex plays a specific role in intended action; that is, any behaviour that is consciously willed by the agent responsible for carrying out that behaviour. In this sense, it makes contributions to both memory and attention in a manner that cannot be predicted by current psychological models of either cognitive system.
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Journal articleBonnelle V, Ham TE, Leech R, et al., 2012,
Salience network integrity predicts default mode network function after traumatic brain injury
, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 109, Pages: 4690-4695, ISSN: 0027-8424- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 428
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Conference paperHam T, Bonnelle V, Barber T, et al., 2012,
THE NEURAL BASIS OF IMPAIRED SELF-AWARENESS AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
, Annual Meeting of the Association-of-British-Neurologists, Publisher: B M J PUBLISHING GROUP, ISSN: 0022-3050 -
Journal articleCarhart-Harris RL, Leech R, Williams TM, et al., 2012,
Implications for psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: functional magnetic resonance imaging study with psilocybin
, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, Vol: 200, Pages: 238-244, ISSN: 0007-1250- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 125
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Journal articleMartin JL, Tedeschi M, Jackson JE, et al., 2012,
Primary lymph node gastrinoma or metastatic gastrinoma with unidentified primary tumor site?
, World Journal of Endocrine Surgery, Vol: 4, Pages: 66-70, ISSN: 0975-5039Gastrinomas are neuroendocrine tumors that secrete gastrin and result in a clinical syndrome of peptic ulcer disease first described by Zollinger and Ellison in 1955.1 They present either sporadically or as a component of a hereditary determined syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. They are usually located in the pancreas and duodenum but have been reported to occur in both abdominal and extraabdominal sites.2 Reports of clinical and biochemical cure following resection of lymph nodes found to contain gastrinomas, in patients without a localized primary tumor, led investigators to cite the existence of the primary lymph node gastrinoma. Whether these cases represent metastatic disease from an, as yet, unidentified primary tumor, or de novo occurrence of a gastrinoma in a lymph node remains controversial. While some authors report that primary lymph node gastrinomas account for up to 10% of sporadic gastrinomas3,4 others question this theory, hypothesizing that their presentation represents an undetected microgastrinoma with metastatic lymph node involvement.5 Herewith, we report on a patient with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in whom a peripancreatic lymph node with evidence of gastrinoma is the only apparent morphologic manifestation of the disease.
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Journal articleThomas EL, Parkinson JR, Frost GS, et al., 2012,
The Missing Risk: MRI and MRS Phenotyping of Abdominal Adiposity and Ectopic Fat
, OBESITY, Vol: 20, Pages: 76-87, ISSN: 1930-7381- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 135
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Journal articleLeech R, Braga R, Sharp DJ, 2012,
Echoes of the brain in posterior cingulate cortex
, Journal of Neuroscience -
Journal articleHampshire A, Chaudhry AM, Owen AM, et al., 2012,
Dissociable roles for lateral orbitofrontal cortex and lateral prefrontal cortex during preference driven reversal learning
, Neuroimage, Vol: 59, Pages: 4102-4112, ISSN: 1095-9572One of the archetypal task manipulations known to depend on frontal-lobe function is reversal learning, where a dominant response must be overridden due to changes in the contingencies relating stimuli, responses, and environmental feedback. Previous studies have indicated that the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (LOFC), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and the caudate nucleus (CN) all contribute to reversal learning. However, the exact contributions that they make during this cognitively complex task remain poorly defined. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examine which of the cognitive processes that contribute to the performance of a reversal best predicts the pattern of activation within distinct sub-regions of the frontal lobes. We demonstrate that during reversal learning the LOFC is particularly sensitive to the implementation of the reversal, whereas the LPFC is recruited more generally during attentional control. By contrast, the ACC and CN respond when new searches are initiated regardless of whether the previous response is available, whilst medial orbitofrontal cortex (MOFC) activity is correlated with the positive affect of feedback. These results accord well with the hypothesis that distinct components of adaptable behaviour are supported by anatomically distinct components of the executive system.
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Journal articleHampshire A, Highfield RR, Parkin BL, et al., 2012,
Fractionating human intelligence
, Neuron, Vol: 76, Pages: 1225-1237, ISSN: 1097-4199What makes one person more intellectually able than another? Can the entire distribution of human intelligence be accounted for by just one general factor? Is intelligence supported by a single neural system? Here, we provide a perspective on human intelligence that takes into account how general abilities or "factors" reflect the functional organization of the brain. By comparing factor models of individual differences in performance with factor models of brain functional organization, we demonstrate that different components of intelligence have their analogs in distinct brain networks. Using simulations based on neuroimaging data, we show that the higher-order factor "g" is accounted for by cognitive tasks corecruiting multiple networks. Finally, we confirm the independence of these components of intelligence by dissociating them using questionnaire variables. We propose that intelligence is an emergent property of anatomically distinct cognitive systems, each of which has its own capacity.
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