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Journal articleCutfield NJ, Scott G, Waldman AD, et al., 2014,
Visual and proprioceptive interaction in patients with bilateral vestibular loss
, NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL, Vol: 4, Pages: 274-282, ISSN: 2213-1582Following bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) patients gradually adapt to the loss of vestibular input and rely more on other sensory inputs. Here we examine changes in the way proprioceptive and visual inputs interact. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate visual responses in the context of varying levels of proprioceptive input in 12 BVL subjects and 15 normal controls. A novel metal-free vibrator was developed to allow vibrotactile neck proprioceptive input to be delivered in the MRI system. A high level (100 Hz) and low level (30 Hz) control stimulus was applied over the left splenius capitis; only the high frequency stimulus generates a significant proprioceptive stimulus. The neck stimulus was applied in combination with static and moving (optokinetic) visual stimuli, in a factorial fMRI experimental design. We found that high level neck proprioceptive input had more cortical effect on brain activity in the BVL patients. This included a reduction in visual motion responses during high levels of proprioceptive input and differential activation in the midline cerebellum. In early visual cortical areas, the effect of high proprioceptive input was present for both visual conditions but in lateral visual areas, including V5/MT, the effect was only seen in the context of visual motion stimulation. The finding of a cortical visuo-proprioceptive interaction in BVL patients is consistent with behavioural data indicating that, in BVL patients, neck afferents partly replace vestibular input during the CNS-mediated compensatory process. An fMRI cervico-visual interaction may thus substitute the known visuo-vestibular interaction reported in normal subject fMRI studies. The results provide evidence for a cortical mechanism of adaptation to vestibular failure, in the form of an enhanced proprioceptive influence on visual processing. The results may provide the basis for a cortical mechanism involved in proprioceptive substitution of vestibular func
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Journal articleCramer H, Vijayan R, Scott G, et al., 2014,
Out of sight, but not out of mind? Greater reported pain in patients who spontaneously look away during venepuncture
, Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Akupunktur, Vol: 57, Pages: 32-33, ISSN: 0415-6412 -
Journal articleHoppitt L, Illingworth JL, MacLeod C, et al., 2014,
Modifying social anxiety related to a real-life stressor using online Cognitive Bias Modification for interpretation
, Behaviour Research and Therapy, Vol: 52, Pages: 45-52, ISSN: 0005-7967 -
Journal articleLeech R, Sharp DJ, 2014,
The role of the posterior cingulate cortex in cognition and disease
, BRAIN, Vol: 137, Pages: 12-32, ISSN: 0006-8950- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 1374
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Journal articleDeligianni F, Varoquaux G, Thirion B, et al., 2013,
A Framework for Inter-Subject Prediction of Functional Connectivity From Structural Networks
, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING, Vol: 32, Pages: 2200-2214, ISSN: 0278-0062- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 23
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Journal articleScott G, Presswood EJ, Makubate B, et al., 2013,
Lung sounds: how doctors draw crackles and wheeze
, POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 89, Pages: 693-697, ISSN: 0032-5473- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 3
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Journal articleCarhart-Harris RL, Leech R, Erritzoe D, et al., 2013,
Functional Connectivity Measures After Psilocybin Inform a Novel Hypothesis of Early Psychosis
, SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN, Vol: 39, Pages: 1343-1351, ISSN: 0586-7614- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 135
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Journal articleHampshire A, MacDonald A, Owen AM, 2013,
Hypoconnectivity and Hyperfrontality in Retired American Football Players
, Scientific Reports, Vol: 3 -
Journal articleBaxter D, Sharp DJ, Feeney C, et al., 2013,
Pituitary Dysfunction after Blast Traumatic Brain Injury: The UK BIOSAP Study
, ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Vol: 74, Pages: 527-536, ISSN: 0364-5134- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 59
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Journal articleNigmatullina Y, Hellyer PJ, Nachev P, et al., 2013,
The Neuroanatomical Correlates of Training-Related Perceptuo-Reflex Uncoupling in Dancers
, Cerebral Cortex, Vol: 25, Pages: 554-562Sensory input evokes low-order reflexes and higher-order perceptual responses. Vestibular stimulation elicits vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) and self-motion perception (e.g., vertigo) whose response durations are normally equal. Adaptation to repeated whole-body rotations, for example, ballet training, is known to reduce vestibular responses. We investigated the neuroanatomical correlates of vestibular perceptuo-reflex adaptation in ballet dancers and controls. Dancers' vestibular-reflex and perceptual responses to whole-body yaw-plane step rotations were: (1) Briefer and (2) uncorrelated (controls' reflex and perception were correlated). Voxel-based morphometry showed a selective gray matter (GM) reduction in dancers' vestibular cerebellum correlating with ballet experience. Dancers' vestibular cerebellar GM density reduction was related to shorter perceptual responses (i.e. positively correlated) but longer VOR duration (negatively correlated). Contrastingly, controls' vestibular cerebellar GM density negatively correlated with perception and VOR. Diffusion-tensor imaging showed that cerebral cortex white matter (WM) microstructure correlated with vestibular perception but only in controls. In summary, dancers display vestibular perceptuo-reflex dissociation with the neuronatomical correlate localized to the vestibular cerebellum. Controls' robust vestibular perception correlated with a cortical WM network conspicuously absent in dancers. Since primary vestibular afferents synapse in the vestibular cerebellum, we speculate that a cerebellar gating of perceptual signals to cortical regions mediates the training-related attenuation of vestibular perception and perceptuo-reflex uncoupling.
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