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  • Journal article
    Su J, Gu Z, Zhang M, Xu XYet al., 2014,

    An improved version of RIGID for discrete element simulation of particle flows with arbitrarily complex geometries

    , POWDER TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 253, Pages: 393-405, ISSN: 0032-5910
  • Conference paper
    Zhan W, Xu XY, 2014,

    Simulation of hifu heating in solid tumour: Comparison of different temperature control modes

    , Pages: 176-179, ISSN: 2305-5995

    Three different temperature control modes used in high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) heating of solid tumour are compared in this study. Results show that the control mode with an independent temperature monitor for each focused region is effective in achieving a rapid temperature rise and maintaining a stable temperature level in tumour.
  • Conference paper
    Gu B, Adjiman C, Xu Y, 2014,

    An integrated model of a spiral-wound membrane module for reverse osmosis considering the effects of winding and spacers

    , Pages: 566-568
  • Journal article
    Liu C, Krishnan J, Xu X-Y, 2013,

    Towards an integrated systems-based modelling framework for drug transport and its effect on tumour cells

    , Journal of Biological Engineering
  • Journal article
    Lattimer CR, Azzam M, Kalodiki E, Xu X, Geroulakos Get al., 2013,

    Hemodynamic changes in the femoral vein with increasing outflow resistance

    , Journal of Vascular Surgery, Vol: 2, Pages: 26-33, ISSN: 1097-6809
  • Journal article
    Zhang X, Luckham PF, Hughes AD, Thom S, Xu XYet al., 2013,

    Towards an understanding of the release behavior of temperature-sensitive liposomes: a possible explanation of the "pseudoequilibrium'' release behavior at the phase transition temperature

    , JOURNAL OF LIPOSOME RESEARCH, Vol: 23, Pages: 167-173, ISSN: 0898-2104
  • Journal article
    Torii R, Kalantzi M, Theodoropoulos S, Sarathchandra P, Xu XY, Yacoub MHet al., 2013,

    Predicting Impending Rupture of the Ascending Aorta With Bicuspid Aortic Valve Spatiotemporal Flow and Wall Shear Stress

    , JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING, Vol: 6, Pages: 1017-1019, ISSN: 1936-878X
  • Journal article
    Moraldo M, Bergamini C, Malaweera ASN, Dhutia NM, Pabari PA, Willson K, Baruah R, Manisty C, Davies JE, Xu XY, Hughes AD, Francis DPet al., 2013,

    A novel fully automated method for mitral regurgitant orifice area quantification

    , International Journal of Cardiology, Vol: 166, Pages: 688-695, ISSN: 1874-1754

    Background: Effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) in mitral regurgitation (MR) is difficult to quantify.Clinically it is measured using the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method, which is intrinsicallynot automatable, because it requires the operator to manually identify the mitral valve orifice. We introducea new fully automated algorithm, (“AQURO”), which calculates EROA directly from echocardiographic colourM-mode data, without requiring operator input.Methods: Multiple PISA measurements were compared to multiple AQURO measurements in twenty patientswith MR. For PISA analysis, three mutually blinded observers measured EROA from the four stored videoloops. For AQURO analysis, the software automatically processed the colour M-mode datasets and analysedthe velocity field in the flow-convergence zone to extract EROA directly without any requirement for manualradius measurement.Results: Reproducibility, measured by intraclass correlation (ICC), for PISA was 0.80, 0.83 and 0.83 (for 3 observersrespectively). Reproducibility for AQURO was 0.97. Agreement between replicate measurements calculatedusing Bland-Altman standard deviation of difference (SDD) was 21,17 and 17mm2for the threerespective observers viewing independent video loops using PISA. Agreement between replicate measurementsfor AQURO was 6, 5 and 7mm2for automated analysis of the three pairs of datasets.Conclusions: By eliminating the need to identify the orifice location, AQURO avoids an important source ofmeasurement variability. Compared with PISA, it also reduces the analysis time allowing analysis and averagingof data from significantly more beats, improving the consistency of EROA quantification.AQURO, being fully automated, is a simple, effective enhancement for EROA quantification using standardechocardiographic equipment.
  • Conference paper
    Zhan W, Gedroyc W, Xu X, 2013,

    Computational Study of Drug Transport in Realistic Models of Solid Tumour

    , Mathways into Cancer II
  • Journal article
    Wang Y, Downie S, Wood N, Firmin D, Xu XYet al., 2013,

    Finite element analysis of the deformation of deep veins in the lower limb under external compression

    , MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS, Vol: 35, Pages: 515-523, ISSN: 1350-4533
  • Journal article
    Cheng Z, Riga C, Chan J, Hamady M, Wood NB, Cheshire NJW, Xu Y, Gibbs RGJet al., 2013,

    Initial findings and potential applicability of computational simulation of the aorta in acute type B dissection

    , JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY, Vol: 57, Pages: 35S-43S, ISSN: 0741-5214
  • Journal article
    Kousera CA, Wood NB, Seed WA, Torii R, O'Regan D, Xu XYet al., 2013,

    A Numerical Study of Aortic Flow Stability and Comparison With <i>In</i> <i>Vivo</i> Flow Measurements

    , JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, Vol: 135, ISSN: 0148-0731
  • Journal article
    Liu C, Krishnan J, Xu X-Y, 2013,

    Investigating the effects of ABC-transporter mediated acquired drug resistance mechanisms at the cell and tissue scale

    , Integrative Biology
  • Journal article
    Zhan W, Xu XY, 2013,

    A mathematical model for thermosensitive liposomal delivery of Doxorubicin to solid tumour.

    , J Drug Deliv, Vol: 2013, ISSN: 2090-3014

    The effectiveness of anticancer treatments is often hampered by the serious side effects owing to toxicity of anticancer drugs and their undesirable uptake by healthy cells in vivo. Thermosensitive liposome-mediated drug delivery has been developed as part of research efforts aimed at improving therapeutic efficacy while reducing the associated side effect. Since multiple steps are involved in the transport of drug-loaded liposomes, drug release, and its uptake, mathematical models become an indispensible tool to analyse the transport processes and predict the outcome of anticancer treatment. In this study, a computational model is developed which incorporates the key physical and biochemical processes involved in drug delivery and cellular uptake. The model has been applied to idealized tumour geometry, and comparisons are made between continuous infusion of doxorubicin and thermosensitive liposome-mediated delivery. Results show that thermosensitive liposome-mediated delivery performs better in reducing drug concentration in normal tissues, which may help lower the risk of associated side effects. Compared with direct infusion over a 2-hour period, thermosensitive liposome delivery leads to a much higher peak intracellular concentration of doxorubicin, which may increase cell killing in tumour thereby enhancing the therapeutic effect of the drug.
  • Journal article
    Moraldo M, Cecaro F, Shun-Shin M, Pabari P, Davies JE, Xu XY, Hughes AD, Manisty C, Francis DPet al., 2012,

    Evidence-based recommendations for PISA measurements in mitral regurgitation: systematic review, clinical and in-vitro study

    , Iinternational Journal of Cardiology

    BackgroundGuidelines for quantifying mitral regurgitation (MR) using “proximal isovelocity surface area” (PISA) instruct operators to measure the PISA radius from valve orifice to Doppler flow convergence “hemisphere”. Using clinical data and a physically-constructed MR model we (A) analyse the actually-observed colour Doppler PISA shape and (B) test whether instructions to measure a “hemisphere” are helpful.Methods and resultsIn part A, the true shape of PISA shells was investigated using three separate approaches. First, a systematic review of published examples consistently showed non-hemispherical, “urchinoid” shapes. Second, our clinical data confirmed that the Doppler-visualized surface is non-hemispherical. Third, in-vitro experiments showed that round orifices never produce a colour Doppler hemisphere.In part B, six observers were instructed to measure hemisphere radius rh and (on a second viewing) urchinoid distance (du) in 11 clinical PISA datasets; 6 established experts also measured PISA distance as the gold standard. rh measurements, generated using the hemisphere instruction significantly underestimated expert values (−28%, p<0.0005), meaning rh2 was underestimated by approximately 2-fold. du measurements, generated using the non-hemisphere instruction were less biased (+7%, p=0.03).Finally, frame-to-frame variability in PISA distance was found to have a coefficient of variation (CV) of 25% in patients and 9% in in-vitro data. Beat-to-beat variability had a CV of 15% in patients.ConclusionsDoppler-visualized PISA shells are not hemispherical: we should avoid advising observers to measure a hemispherical radius because it encourages underestimation of orifice area by approximately two-fold. If precision is needed (e.g. to detect changes reliably) multi-frame averaging is essential.
  • Conference paper
    Zhan W, Gedroyc W, Xu X, 2012,

    Computational Study of Drug Transport in Realistic Models of Solid Tumour

    , AIChE Annual Conference
  • Journal article
    Liu X, Fan Y, Xu XY, Deng Xet al., 2012,

    Nitric oxide transport in an axisymmetric stenosis

    , JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE, Vol: 9, Pages: 2468-2478, ISSN: 1742-5689
  • Journal article
    Massai D, Soloperto G, Gallo D, Xu XY, Morbiducci Uet al., 2012,

    Shear-induced platelet activation and its relationship with blood flow topology in a numerical model of stenosed carotid bifurcation

    , EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MECHANICS B-FLUIDS, Vol: 35, Pages: 92-101, ISSN: 0997-7546
  • Journal article
    Paopo I, Xu XY, Mantalaris A, 2012,

    Differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) into type II pneumocytes in a 3D sparged bioreactor

    , JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE, Vol: 6, Pages: 343-343, ISSN: 1932-6254
  • Journal article
    Torii R, El-Hamamsy I, Donya M, Babu-Narayan SV, Ibrahim M, Kilner PJ, Mohiaddin RH, Xu XY, Yacoub MHet al., 2012,

    Integrated morphologic and functional assessment of the aortic root after different tissue valve root replacement procedures

    , JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY, Vol: 143, Pages: 1422-+, ISSN: 0022-5223

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