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  • Conference paper
    Zoumpoulidis T, Prodromakis T, van Zeijl H, Michelakis K, Bartek M, Toumazou C, Dekker Ret al., 2009,

    Stretchable Array of ISFET Devices for Applications in Biomedical Imagers

    , IEEE Sensors Conference, Pages: 7-12
  • Journal article
    Huang Y, Drakakis EM, Degenaar P, Toumazou Cet al., 2009,

    A CMOS image sensor with light-controlled oscillating pixels for an investigative optobionic retinal prosthesis system

    , Microelectronics Journal, Vol: 40, Pages: 1202-1211, ISSN: 0026-2692
  • Conference paper
    Grossman N, Nikolic K, Pohrer V, McGovern B, Drakakis EM, Neil M, Toumazou C, Degenaar Pet al., 2009,

    Photostimulator for optogenetic retinal prosthesis

    , 4th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER '09), Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 68-71
  • Journal article
    Nikolic K, Grossman N, Grubb M, Burrone J, Toumazou C, Degenaar Pet al., 2009,

    Photocycles of Channelrhodopsin-2

    , Photochemistry and Photobiology, Vol: 85, Pages: 400-411
  • Journal article
    Omeni O, Wong ACW, Burdett AJ, Toumazou Cet al., 2008,

    Energy Efficient Medium Access Protocol for Wireless Medical Body Area Sensor Networks

    , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, Vol: 2, Pages: 251-259, ISSN: 1932-4545
  • Patent
    Triantis I, Toumazou C, 2008,

    Method and Apparatus for Stimulating Activity in the Peripheral Nervous System

    , WO2008142027(A1); GB20070009542 20070517

    A method and apparatus for stimulating activity in the peripheral nervous system comprises a nerve cuff (20) having a pair of segmented stimulation electrodes (36, 38). In order to stimulate a fascicle (22) within the cuff, a voltage is applied to opposing electrode segments, one segment being on the first electrode and the other on the second. This is then repeated for the next pair in sequence, and so on, thereby generating a rotating dipole which causes a relatively high stimulation current at an interior focal point (50) while at the same time keeping the current at the periphery low.
  • Conference paper
    Constandinou TG, Georgiou J, 2008,

    A Micropower Tilt Processing Circuit

    , IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems (BioCAS) Conference, Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 197-200

    This paper describes a novel analogue circuit for extracting the tilt angle from the output of a standard MEMS accelerometer. The circuit uses the accelerometer signal together with the gravitational acceleration vector to generate the tilt signal. Using a current-mode representation with devices operated in subthreshold, the appropriate trigonometric function has been realised to compute tilt. Furthermore, implementing a long-time constant filter to extract the mean tilt level provides adaptation to the static tilt level. Specifically, this circuit has been designed as part of an implantable vestibular prosthesis to provide inclination signals for bypassing dysfunctional otolith end-organs. The hardware has been implemented in AMS 0.35 mum 2P4M CMOS technology.
  • Journal article
    Constandinou TG, Georgiou J, 2008,

    A Micropower Arcsine Circuit for Tilt Processing

    , Electronics Letters, Vol: 44, Pages: 1336-1338, ISSN: 0013-5194

    This letter describes an analogue circuit for producing an arcsine transfer based on a differential pair with source degeneration. The application uses this circuit to post-process an accelerometer signal by normalising with respect to the gravitational acceleration vector to extract inclination. Using diode-connected MOS devices operating in weak inversion, the appropriate trigonometric function, i.e. an arcsine, has been realised to compute tilt. The hardware has been implemented in AMS 0.35μm 2P4M CMOS technology.
  • Journal article
    Georgiou P, Toumazou C, 2008,

    CMOS-based programmable gate ISFET

    , ELECTRONICS LETTERS, Vol: 44, Pages: 1289-U6, ISSN: 0013-5194
  • Patent
    Toumazou C, Purushothaman S, 2008,

    QPCR Using Solid-State PH Sensing

    , WO2008107014 (A1)

    Use of a pH sensor comprising an ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) to perform real time detection/ quantification of nucleic acid amplification, e.g. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) nucleic acid amplification, based on detection of protons released during the primer extension phase.
  • Conference paper
    Constandinou TG, Georgiou J, Toumazou C, 2008,

    Towards an Integrated, Fully-Implantable Vestibular Prosthesis for Balance Restoration

    , International Conference on Smart Materials, Structures and Systems, Advances in Science and Technology, Publisher: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Pages: 210-215, ISSN: 1662-0356
  • Journal article
    Nikolic K, Loizu J, Degenaar P, Toumazou Cet al., 2008,

    Noise reduction in analogue computation of Drosophila photoreceptors

    , Journal of Computational Electronics, Vol: 7, Pages: 458-461, ISSN: 1569-8025
  • Journal article
    Wong ACW, Kathiresan G, Chan CKT, Eljamaly O, Omeni O, McDonagh D, Burdett AJ, Toumazou Cet al., 2008,

    A 1 V wireless transceiver for an ultra-low-power SoC for biotelemetry applications

    , IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, Vol: 43, Pages: 1511-1521, ISSN: 0018-9200
  • Journal article
    Vilches A, Michelakis K, Hand J, Toumazou Cet al., 2008,

    A monolithic (Si) massively broadband non-reverberant monopole

    , SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 23, ISSN: 0268-1242
  • Journal article
    Constandinou TG, Georgiou J, Toumazou C, 2008,

    A Partial-Current-Steering Biphasic Stimulation Driver for Vestibular Prostheses

    , IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, Vol: 2, Pages: 106-113, ISSN: 1932-4545

    This paper describes a novel partial-current-steering stimulation circuit for implantable vestibular prostheses. The drive hardware momentarily delivers a charge-balanced asymmetric stimulus to a dummy load before steering towards the stimulation electrodes. In this fashion, power is conserved while still gaining from the benefits of current steering. The circuit has been designed to be digitally programmable as part of an implantable vestibular prosthesis. The hardware has been implemented in AMS 0.35μm 2P4M CMOS technology.
  • Journal article
    Constandinou TG, Georgiou J, Toumazou C, 2008,

    Micropower front-end interface for differential-capacitive sensor systems

    , Electronics Letters, Vol: 44, Pages: 470-472, ISSN: 0013-5194

    A front-end circuit for interfacing to differential capacitive sensors, including certain microelectromechanical systems, is presented. The system combines a self-resetting, biphasic integrator with a difference timer, producing a word parallel output representing the differential capacitance. The measurable capacitance range is tunable by means of an input current bias and system clock frequency. For an input bias of 10 nA and system clock of 128 KHz, the measurable capacitance range is +/-5pF (to 8 bit resolution) consuming below 26 µW total system power.
  • Journal article
    Banks D, Toumazou C, 2008,

    Low-power high-speed current comparator design

    , ELECTRONICS LETTERS, Vol: 44, Pages: 171-U2, ISSN: 0013-5194
  • Conference paper
    Constandinou TG, Georgiou J, Toumazou C, 2008,

    A Micropower Front-end Interface for Differential-Capacitive Sensor Systems

    , IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 2474-2477
  • Conference paper
    Constandinou TG, Georgiou J, Toumazou C, 2008,

    A Partial-Current-Steering Biphasic Stimulation Driver for Neural Prostheses

    , IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 2506-2509
  • Journal article
    Constandinou TG, Georgiou J, Toumazou C, 2008,

    Towards an Integrated, Fully-Implantable Vestibular Prosthesis for Balance Restoration

    , Journal of Advances in Science and Technology, Vol: 57, Pages: 210-215

    Neuroprosthetics is a relatively new topic but it has already shown its potential. Since the application of this science, it has already significantly improved the quality of life of over 60,000 individuals who previously suffered from severely impaired hearing or total deafness. Today, through use of cochlear implants, children born totally deaf can enjoy going to regular schools and communicating normally. Individuals suffering from dizziness and balance disorders can also benefit from the progress made in cochlear prosthetics. The inner ear's vestibular system provides cues about self-motion and help stabilise vision during movement. Damage to this system can result in dizziness, imbalance, blurred vision and instability in locomotion, a leading cause of death in the elderly. We propose a hybrid CMOS/MEMS platform for bypassing a dysfunctional pathway in individuals that suffer from balance-related disorders. Combining MEMS-based inertia sensing with CMOS-based neural monitoring and processing electronics, this prosthesis aims to deliver a corrective artificial stimulus to the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve. We describe a novel system outlining the architectural aspects and implementation methodology used in the design.

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