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Journal articleBharadwaj A, Kumar A, Kalita R, et al., 2024,
Super-resolved fluorescence imaging utilising accessible stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (easySTORM) implemented on a low-cost, modular open-source (openFrame) microscope
, Measurement Science and Technology, Vol: 35, ISSN: 0957-0233Optical super-resolution microscope is a powerful tool for the life sciences, including cell biology and pathology yielding information on, e.g. biological structure and protein distribution in the nano-scale range. In recent years, there has been an exponential rise in the interest to apply super-resolution microscopes in diverse areas, but its wider utility is hindered by the cost of purchasing and maintaining super-resolved microscopes. In this paper we present the implementation of easySTORM, an accessible implementation of stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) at Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), India, in a flexible, user friendly and cost-effective manner using a state-of-the-art, modular, open-source, optical microscope platform called: 'openFrame'. Providing comparable imaging performance to commercial optical super-resolution microscopes, the openFrame-based implementation of easySTORM uses in-expensive multimode diode lasers and industry grade CMOS cameras, and the open-source and modular nature of the instrument makes it easy to maintain and to upgrade. To demonstrate its successful implementation at IITG, we image quantum dots and actin-tubulin structure in both normal and cancer cells, resolved features separated by a few tens of nanometers. This work demonstrates that openFrame-enabled easySTORM instrumentation can be widely accessible to provide affordable, research grade super-resolution microscopy capability for academic and medical research.
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Journal articleKoufidis SF, Koutserimpas TT, Monticone F, et al., 2024,
Enhanced scattering from an almost-periodic optical temporal slab
, Physical Review A, Vol: 110, ISSN: 2469-9926We showcase the impact of almost-periodicity on the parametric amplification associated with the first-order momentum gap in photonic time-crystals with time-varying permittivity. Utilizing a vectorial coupled-wave theory approach, we rigorously analyze the scattering by a temporal slab of the considered medium. We pinpoint a critical regime wherein flaws in material tuning paradoxically enhance amplification due to the coupling of fewer, broader modes, resulting in a higher and broader pulselike amplification envelope. Additionally, we demonstrate that the intensity reflectances of time-reversed waves corresponding to secondary "Bragg"resonances achieve remarkably high levels of subharmonic parametric amplification, with the epsilon-near-zero regime serving as a preferred candidate for experimental implementation. Our counterintuitive findings highlight the potential of intentionally leveraging modulation desynchronization and impurities in the temporal unit cell of photonic time-crystals to enhance both the level and the bandwidth of amplification.
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Conference paperDe Corte A, Koufidis SF, McCall MW, et al., 2024,
Exceptional Points of Degeneracy in Coupled Chirowaveguides
, 2024 Eighteenth International Congress on Artificial Materials for Novel Wave Phenomena (Metamaterials), Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 1-3 -
Conference paperKoufidis SF, Koutserimpas TT, Monticone F, et al., 2024,
Time-Periodic Optical Activity
, 2024 Eighteenth International Congress on Artificial Materials for Novel Wave Phenomena (Metamaterials), Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 1-3 -
Journal articleLerendegui M, Riemer K, Papageorgiou G, et al., 2024,
ULTRA-SR challenge: assessment of UltrasoundLocalization and TRacking algorithms for super-resolution imaging
, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Vol: 43, Pages: 2970-2987, ISSN: 0278-0062With the widespread interest and uptake of super-resolution ultrasound (SRUS) through localization and tracking of microbubbles, also known as ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM), many localization and tracking algorithms have been developed. ULM can image many centimeters into tissue in-vivo and track microvascular flow non-invasively with sub-diffraction resolution. In a significant community effort, we organized a challenge, Ultrasound Localization and TRacking Algorithms for Super-Resolution (ULTRA-SR). The aims of this paper are threefold: to describe the challenge organization, data generation, and winning algorithms; to present the metrics and methods for evaluating challenge entrants; and to report results and findings of the evaluation. Realistic ultrasound datasets containing microvascular flow for different clinical ultrasound frequencies were simulated, using vascular flow physics, acoustic field simulation and nonlinear bubble dynamics simulation. Based on these datasets, 38 submissions from 24 research groups were evaluated against ground truth using an evaluation framework with six metrics, three for localization and three for tracking. In-vivo mouse brain and human lymph node data were also provided, and performance assessed by an expert panel. Winning algorithms are described and discussed. The publicly available data with ground truth and the defined metrics for both localization and tracking present a valuable resource for researchers to benchmark algorithms and software, identify optimized methods/software for their data, and provide insight into the current limits of the field. In conclusion, Ultra-SR challenge has provided benchmarking data and tools as well as direct comparison and insights for a number of the state-of-the art localization and tracking algorithms.
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Journal articleTan Q, Riemer K, Hansen-Shearer J, et al., 2024,
Transcutaneous imaging of rabbit kidney using 3-D acoustic wave sparsely activated localization microscopy with a row-column-addressed array
, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, ISSN: 0018-9294Objective: Super-resolution ultrasound (SRUS) imaging through localizing and tracking microbubbles, also known as ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM), can produce sub-diffraction resolution images of micro-vessels. We have recently demonstrated 3-D selective SRUS with a matrix array and phase change contrast agents (PCCAs). However, this method is limited to a small field of view (FOV) and by the complex hardware required. Method: This study proposed 3-D acoustic wave sparsely activated localization microscopy (AWSALM) using PCCAs and a 128+128 row-column-addressed (RCA) array, which offers ultrafast acquisition with over 6 times larger FOV and 4 times reduction in hardware complexity than a 1024-element matrix array. We first validated this method on an in-vitro microflow phantom and subsequently demonstrated non-invasively on a rabbit kidney in-vivo. Results: Our results show that 3-D AWSALM images of the phantom covering a 25×25×40 mm 3 volume can be generated under 5 seconds with an 8 times resolution improvement over the system point spread function. The full volume of the rabbit kidney can be covered to generate 3-D microvascular structure, flow speed and direction super-resolution maps under 15 seconds, combining the large FOV of RCA with the high resolution of SRUS. Additionally, 3-D AWSALM is selective and can visualize the microvasculature within the activation volume and downstream vessels in isolation. Sub-sets of the kidney microvasculature can be imaged through selective activation of PCCAs. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates large FOV 3-D AWSALM using an RCA probe. Significance: 3-D AWSALM offers an unique in-vivo imaging tool for fast, selective and large FOV vascular flow mapping.
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Journal articleHansen-Shearer J, Yan J, Lerendegui M, et al., 2024,
Ultrafast 3-D Transcutaneous Super Resolution Ultrasound Using Row-Column Array Specific Coherence-Based Beamforming and Rolling Acoustic Sub-aperture Processing: In Vitro, in Rabbit and in Human Study
, ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY, Vol: 50, Pages: 1045-1057, ISSN: 0301-5629 -
Journal articleDarling C, Kumar S, Alexandrov Y, et al., 2024,
Optical projection tomography implemented for accessibility and low cost (OPTImAL)
, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol: 382, ISSN: 1364-503XOptical projection tomography (OPT) is a three-dimensional mesoscopic imaging modality that can use absorption or fluorescence contrast, and is widely applied to fixed and live samples in the mm-cm scale. For fluorescence OPT, we present OPT implemented for accessibility and low cost, an open-source research-grade implementation of modular OPT hardware and software that has been designed to be widely accessible by using low-cost components, including light-emitting diode (LED) excitation and cooled complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) cameras. Both the hardware and software are modular and flexible in their implementation, enabling rapid switching between sample size scales and supporting compressive sensing to reconstruct images from undersampled sparse OPT data, e.g. to facilitate rapid imaging with low photobleaching/phototoxicity. We also explore a simple implementation of focal scanning OPT to achieve higher resolution, which entails the use of a fan-beam geometry reconstruction method to account for variation in magnification. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Open, reproducible hardware for microscopy'.
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Journal articleLerendegui M, Yan J, Stride E, et al., 2024,
Understanding the effects of microbubble concentration on localization accuracy in super-resolution ultrasound imaging
, PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY, Vol: 69, ISSN: 0031-9155 -
Journal articleDent LG, Curry N, Sparks H, et al., 2024,
Environmentally dependent and independent control of 3D cell shape
, CELL REPORTS, Vol: 43, ISSN: 2211-1247 -
Journal articleRiemer K, Tan Q, Morse S, et al., 2024,
3D Acoustic Wave Sparsely Activated Localization Microscopy With Phase Change Contrast Agents
, INVESTIGATIVE RADIOLOGY, Vol: 59, Pages: 379-390, ISSN: 0020-9996 -
Journal articleZeng H-J, Xue W-Z, Murray RT, et al., 2024,
In-band pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked Tm,Ho-codoped calcium aluminate laser
, OPTICS EXPRESS, Vol: 32, Pages: 16083-16089, ISSN: 1094-4087 -
Journal articleTemel T, Murray RT, Wang L, et al., 2024,
Narrowband-seeded PPLN non-resonant optical parametric oscillator
, OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS, Vol: 14, ISSN: 2159-3930 -
Journal articleXiao H, Jiang X, Damzen MJ, 2024,
Transient pump-probe analysis of pump-induced lensing in laser amplifiers
, Optics Express, Vol: 32, Pages: 12783-12799, ISSN: 1094-4087Understanding of pump-induced lensing in laser amplifiers is essential for the optimized design of high-power lasers with high spatial quality, but there is usually incomplete knowledge of the interplay between thermal and population induced lensing mechanisms, lensing under lasing and non-lasing conditions, and transient lensing effects under pulsed operation. This paper provides quantitative insight of pump-induced lensing effects by using experimental transient pump-probe measurements in an alexandrite laser amplifier end-pumped by a short pulse pump beam with Gaussian spatial intensity distribution. Lensing results are presented showing a large difference in lensing under both non-lasing and lasing conditions and distinction of the population lens and thermal lens contributions from their different response time. Different pump beam sizes are used to show the variation of the relative strength of the lensing mechanisms. Comparison of experimental results with the analytical transient theory developed in this paper for the Gaussian pump beam gives excellent agreement and quantitative information on the thermal and population contributions to the amplifier lens. This paper provides a methodology for quantitative investigation of pump-induced lensing in general laser amplifier systems, and potentially other classes of optical materials with residual optical absorption.
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Conference paperCodescu M-A, Murray JM, Zawilski KT, et al., 2024,
Optical Parametric Generation in Non-Critically Cut CdSiP2 with a Nanosecond 1.064 μm Nd:YAG Laser
, Optica High-Brightness Sources and Light-Driven Interactions Congress -
Conference paperMurray RT, Battle RA, Simon D, et al., 2024,
Visualizing metabolites at the cellular level: advancements in 3-micron laser desorption mass spectrometry imaging
, SPIE BiOS, Publisher: SPIE, Pages: 4-4By combining high beam quality picosecond pulsed optical parametric amplifiers at 2.94 μm with Rapid Evap-ortive Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (REIMS), we have demonstrated record spatial pixel resolutions for ambientmass spectrometry (MS) imaging of < 10 μm. In this contribution, we introduce our work in this area, demon-strating the platform workflow and highlighting recent results of metabolic imaging at the single cell resolutionlevel.
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Journal articleTemel T, Murray RT, Wang L, et al., 2024,
Energy scaling of a narrowband, periodically poled LiNbO3, nanosecond, nonresonant optical parametric oscillator
, APPLIED OPTICS, Vol: 63, Pages: 1811-1814, ISSN: 1559-128X -
Journal articleBharadwaj A, Kalita R, Kumar A, et al., 2024,
A cost-effective, modular, research-grade optical microscope
, CURRENT SCIENCE, Vol: 126, Pages: 244-254, ISSN: 0011-3891 -
Conference paperMurray JM, Codescu M-A, Zawilski KT, et al., 2024,
Optical Parametric Generation in Non-Critically Cut CdSiP2 with a Nanosecond 1.064 μm Nd:YAG Laser
, Optica High-Brightness Sources and Light-Driven Interactions Congress -
Conference paperZeng HJ, Xue WZ, Murray RT, et al., 2024,
In-Band Pumped Kerr-Lens Mode-Locked Tm,Ho-codoped Calcium Aluminate Laser
We report on a Kerr-lens mode-locked Tm,Ho,Lu:CaGdAlO4 laser, in-band pumped by a fiber Raman laser at 1678 nm. 79-fs pulses were generated at 2073.6 nm with an average power of 91 mW at 85.7 MHz.
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Conference paperWang Y, Battle RA, Simon D, et al., 2024,
Laser Ablation of Biological Tissue with a 2.94 μm Picosecond Optical Parametric Amplifier for Ambient Mass Spectrometry Imaging
We report a 2.94 μm OPA with ∼100 ps pulse duration, 400 nJ pulse energy and a 500 kHz repetition rate, which enables high resolution (≤10 μm) laser desorption-based mass spectrometry imaging of biological tissue.
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Conference paperBottrill KRH, Taengnoi N, Wang Y, et al., 2024,
1200km Coherent O-band Transmission using In-line BDFAs and Standard Single-mode Fibre
We demonstrate a record 1200km reach O-band transmission of a 22.5GBd dual-pol QPSK signal using a recirculating loop with in-line BDFA amplification and 50km spans of standard single-mode fibre.
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Conference paperRuncorn TH, Murray RT, Taylor JR, 2024,
Multi-watt red nanosecond frequency-doubled Raman-shifted fiber laser
, Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials and Devices XXIII, Publisher: SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, ISSN: 0277-786X -
Conference paperKrawczyk B, Kudlinski A, Battle RA, et al., 2024,
Enhancement of four-wave mixing via stimulated emission in a Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber
, Conference on Fiber Lasers XXI - Technology and Systems, Publisher: SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, ISSN: 0277-786X -
Journal articlePaie P, Calisesi G, Candeo A, et al., 2023,
Structured-light-sheet imaging in an integrated optofluidic platform
, LAB ON A CHIP, Vol: 24, Pages: 34-46, ISSN: 1473-0197 -
Journal articleLiang M, Minassian A, Damzen MJ, 2023,
High-energy acousto-optic Q-switched alexandrite laser with wavelength tunable fundamental and UV second harmonic generation
, Optics Express, Vol: 31, Pages: 42428-42438, ISSN: 1094-4087We investigate high-energy mJ-class diode-pumped acousto-optic (AO) Q-switched alexandrite lasers with broad tunability at both the fundamental near-IR wavelength range and second harmonic generation (SHG) in the UV wavelength range. An AO Q-switched alexandrite laser with continuous-wave diode-pumping has been operated at up to 10 kHz and producing pulse energy of 700 µJ at repetition rate of 1 kHz. With pulsed double-pass diode-pumping, we demonstrate higher pulse energy of 2.6 mJ. With wavelength tuning, this laser system demonstrated broad fundamental tuning range from 719 to 787 nm with diffraction-limited beam quality (M2 = 1.05). By external cavity second harmonic generation in a Type-I LBO crystal, pulse energy of 0.66 mJ is generated at 375 nm and with UV tuning range from 361 to 391 nm. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of AO Q-switched alexandrite laser with broad wavelength tuning in the near-IR and UV wavelength ranges and shows its excellent potential as a pulsed source for future applications.
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Journal articleAhmad H, Roslan NA, Zaini MKA, et al., 2023,
Generation of multiwavelength bismuth-doped fiber laser based on all-fiber Lyot filter
, Optical Fiber Technology, Vol: 81, ISSN: 1068-5200A stable multiwavelength fiber laser was proposed and demonstrated using a bismuth-doped fiber together with an all-fiber Lyot filter. The proposed multiwavelength bismuth-doped fiber laser (BDFL) spectrum can generate up to 21 output channels between 1309.88 nm and 1313.69 nm by carefully adjusting two polarization controllers (PCs). The multiwavelength BDFL shows good stability over time with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 48.69 dB, contributing to the average power fluctuations of 0.6 dB and wavelength drift of less than 0.1 nm in the laser output. In addition, the multiwavelength BDFL exhibits a free spectral range (FSR) of about 0.192 nm and a frequency bandwidth of 33.45 GHz. The characteristics of the multiwavelength BDFL can be observed by varying the pump power of the pump source, lasing output at different lengths of polarization maintaining fiber (PMF), and the generation in multiwavelengths using additional single mode-fiber (SMF).
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Journal articleZeng H, Xue W, Murray RT, et al., 2023,
Continuous-Wave and Mode-Locked Operation of an In-Band Pumped Tm,Ho,Lu:CaGdAlO<sub>4</sub> Laser
, APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL, Vol: 13 -
Journal articleKoufidis SFR, Mccall MW, 2023,
Wavelength-independent Bragg-like reflection in uniaxial bi-anisotropic media
, JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS, Vol: 40, Pages: 2829-2841, ISSN: 0740-3224 -
Journal articleHong W, Sparks H, Dunsby C, 2023,
Alignment and characterisation of remote-refocusingsystems
, Applied Optics, Vol: 62, Pages: 7431-7440, ISSN: 1559-128XThe technique of remote refocusing is used in optical microscopy to provide rapid axial scanning without mechanically perturbing the sample and in techniques such as oblique plane microscopy that build on remote refocusing to image a tilted plane within the sample. The magnification between the pupils of the primary (O1) and secondary (O2) microscope objectives of the remote-refocusing system has been shown previously by Mohanan and Corbett [J. Microsc. 288, 95 (2022) [CrossRef] ] to be crucial in obtaining the broadest possible remote-refocusing range. In this work, we performed an initial alignment of a remote-refocusing system and then studied the effect of axial misalignments of O1 and O2, axial misalignment of the primary tube lens (TL1) relative to the secondary tube lens (TL2), lateral misalignments of TL2, and changes in the focal length of TL2. For each instance of the setup, we measured the mean point spread function FWHMxy of 100 nm fluorescent beads and the normalized bead integrated fluorescence signal, and we calculated the axial and lateral distortion of the system; all of these quantities were mapped over the remote-refocusing range and as a function of lateral image position. This allowed us to estimate the volume over which diffraction-limited performance is achieved and how this changes with the alignment of the system.
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